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Did the Romans invent the Battering Ram?
The Romans did not invent the battering ram, rather it was the Assyrian Empire. Tudiya was the first king of the empire.
What civilization created the first empire or group of states under one ruler?
As far as we know it was the Pharaoh Narmer who was the first Pharaoh of Egypt reigning between 3100 BC and 3032 BC. The Babylonian township of Kish had a historically proven King Etana the Shepard who began his reign in 2800 BC. Legandary kings before the Flood range back as far as to King A-Lu-Lim; a proper dating of course is not possible, only estimates would locate him as early as 3020 BC. First King of Uruk was Maskiaggaschir who governed between 2770 BC and 2750 BC. Meskalamdug of Ur began his reign in 2600 BC, his dynasty is called Ur I. Enhengal of Lagash - dynasty Lagash I - began his reign in 2550 BC. In 2250 BC Assur under leadership of the Akkad population share became independent from Babylon, took over the main part of the trade traffic with Asia Minor and founded its first own realm Assyria and dynasty Assur I with Tudiya as first King of Assyria.
How were the Assyrians able to build and keep such a large empire?
The Assyrians where so strong because they were cruel, they would conquer empires and kill the leaders and exile, enslave and slaughter the citizens. They also had their war machine. They fought with chariots, on foot, horseback, and had good iron weapons. They were hated and feared.
Who ruled the empire Assyrian?
The Assyrian Kings List Early Period _________________________________________________________________________ A: "Kings who lived in tents" Tudiya Adamu Yangi Kitlamu Harharu Mandaru Imsu Harsu Didanu Hanu Zuabu Nuabu Abazu Belu Azarah Zariqum Beginning of the Assyrian independence Puzur-Ashur I Shalim-Ahu Ilu-Shuma Raids into southern Mesoptamia Erishum I B: During Akkadian Domination _______________________________________________________________________ FROM UNTIL ____ _____ Sargon I 2334 2279 55 years United Mesopotamia (Sumer & Akkad) Rimush 2278 2270 8 Conquers Elam and Marhashi (Central Iran) Manishtushu 2269 2255 14 Renovates Temple of Ishtar Naram-Sin 2254 2218 36 Arrogates god-like status to himself Shar-Kali-Shari 2217 2193 24 Akkadian kingship begins to weaken Igigi 2192 Nanium Imi Elul-dan 2190 Dudu 2189 2169 20 Shu-Turul 2168 2154 14 Akkadian empire collapses C: Neo-Sumerian Domination _________________________________________________________________________ Ur-Nammu 2112 2095 17 Establishes the Third Dynasty of Ur Shulgi 2094 2047 47 Extends father's empire to all of Assyria Amar-Sin 2046 2038 8 Shu-Sin 2037 2029 8 Ibbi-Sin 2028 2004 24 Amorites weaken Sumerian power ________________________________________________________________________ D: Assyrian kings during the Akkadian Domination Ushpiya May have succeeded ollowed king Azarah Apiashal Ushpiya & Apiashal are also considered tent kings ________________________________________________________________________ E: "Kings who were ancestors" Hale Chief of an Amorite tribe Samanu Hayani Ilu-Mer Yakmesi Yakmeni Yazkur-ilu Ilu-Kabkabi Aminu F: Historic Period (written history) _______________________________________________________________________ Erishum II 1920 1900 20 Shamshi-Adad I 1813 1781 32 Unites all independent Assyrian city-states Ishme-Dagan I 1780 1741 39 Contemporary with Hammurabi of Babylon Ashur-Dugul 5 Unknown Rulers Adasi Several Minor Rulers Erishum III Shamshi-Adad II Ishme-Dagan II Shamshi-Adad III Ashur-Nirari I Puzur-Ashur III 1520 Enlil-Nasir I Ashur-Nirari II Ashur-Bel-Nisheshu 1417 1409 8 Ashur-Rim-Nisheshu Ashur-Nadin-Ahhe II Eriba-Adad I Middle Period _______________________________________________________________________ Ashur-Uballit I 1363 1328 35 Gains Assyrian Independecne from Mittani Enlil-Nirari 1327 1318 9 Arik-Den-Ili 1317 1306 11 Adad-Nirari I 1305 1274 31 Mittani falls to Assyria Shalmaneser I 1273 1244 29 Urarti falls to Assyria Tukulti-Ninurta I 1243 1207 36 Sacks Babylon, killed by his own son Ashur-Nadin-Apli 1206 1203 3 Assyrin power is weakened Ashur-Nirari III 1202 1197 5 Enlil-Kudurri-Usur 1196 1191 12 Ninurta-Apal-Ekur 1191 1179 5 Ashur-Dan I 1178 1133 45 Elam captures Babylonia Ashur-Resha-Ishi I 1132 1115 17 Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon captures Elam Ninurta-Tukulti-Ashur 1115 1114 1 Mutakkil-Nusku 1115 1114 1 Tiglath-Pileser I 1114 1076 38 In defending Assyria, defeats Nebuchadnezzar Asharid-Pal-Ekur II Limited to Nineveh,Irbil, & Ashur province Ashur-Bel-Kala 1076 1057 19 ? 4 Shamshi-Adad IV 1053 1049 4 5 Unknown Rulers 39 Ashur-Rabi II 1010 970 40 Israel & Judah under David & Solomon Ashur-Resh-Ishi II 969 967 2 Tiglath-Pilasar II 966 935 31 Ashur-Dan II 934 912 22 Late Period __________________________________________________________________________ Adad-Nirari II 911 891 20 Captures Babylonia, Anatolia, & Syrian plain Tukulti-Ninurta II 890 884 6 Peace with Babylon, no tributes required Ashurnasirpal II 883 859 24 Assyrian empire reaches Mediterranean Sea Shalmaneser III 858 824 34 Defeats Arameans, captures Babylon & Persia Shamshi-Adad V 823 811 12 Shamiram 811 806 5 Ruler of Assyria while her son was a minor Adad-Nirari III 806 783 23 Assyrian rule weakens Shalmaneser IV 782 773 9 Ashur-Dan III 772 755 17 Rebelions against Assyria Ashur-Nirari V 754 745 9 Tiglath-Pileser III 744 727 17 Re-gains Assyrian might greater than before Shalmaneser V 726 722 4 Captures Samaria, deports Isrealites Sargon II 721 705 16 Captures Egypt, Urartu, Babylon Dies in a battle Sennacherib 704 681 23 Faught rebellions, destroyed Babylon Esarhaddon 680 669 11 Rebuilt Babylon, def Scyth, Cimm, & Egypt Ashurbanipal 668 627 41 Defeats Egypt, Lydia, & Elam Ashur-Etel-Ilani 627 624 3 Babylonians attack Assyria Sin-Shar-Ishkun 623 612 11 Medes sack Nineveh Ashur-Uballit II 612 ? Flees to Harran, supported by Egyptians
