Encomenderos
The statement provided in the question is partially correct. The encomienda system was a labor system established by the Spanish crown during the colonization of the Americas. Under this system, Spanish colonizers, known as encomenderos, were granted control over indigenous communities and their lands. However, it is important to note that the encomienda was not considered a public office but rather a form of economic and social arrangement. Regarding the duties of encomenderos, they were legally required to fulfill certain obligations towards the indigenous population under Spanish law. These duties included: Protection: Encomenderos were responsible for protecting the indigenous population under their care, ensuring their safety and security. Conversion to Christianity: They were expected to undertake efforts to convert the indigenous people to Christianity and promote Catholicism. Labor and Tribute: Encomenderos could require the indigenous people to provide labor, often in the form of agricultural or mining work, and pay tribute or taxes to the Spanish crown. Education and Welfare: Encomenderos were encouraged to provide education and promote the welfare of the indigenous population. It is important to note that the encomienda system was often characterized by abuses and exploitation of indigenous populations. While the Spanish crown imposed certain legal obligations on encomenderos, these duties were not always effectively enforced, leading to widespread mistreatment and forced labor. To directly answer your question, it would be inappropriate to say that any specific duty was not required by the law of the encomenderos, as the duties mentioned above were indeed mandated by the Spanish authorities.
In colonial Spanish America, a system by which the Spanish crown defined the status of the Indian population in its colonies. An encomienda consisted of a grant by the crown of a specified number of Indians living in a particular area. The receiver (encomenderos) could exact tribute from the Indians and was required to protect them and instruct them in the Christian faith. The encomienda did not include a grant of land, but in practice the encomenderos gained control of Indian lands. Though the original intent was to reduce the abuses of forced labour, in practice it became a form of enslavement.The major goal was to force the Native Americans to work for the spanish colonies.
The encomienda system was reformed by the Spanish Crown in response to widespread abuses against indigenous peoples in the Americas. The Laws of the Indies passed in the 16th century aimed to limit the power of encomenderos and protect native populations.
The encomienda system in colonial Latin America consisted of three main social classes: the Spanish conquistadors and settlers who held power and controlled land, the indigenous peoples who were forced to work the land and provide labor, and the mixed-race population known as the mestizos who often served as intermediaries between the Spanish and indigenous populations.
Some common complaints in the Spanish colonies included harsh treatment by colonial authorities, exploitation by encomenderos, high taxes and tribute demands, lack of political representation, and restrictions on trade and economic opportunities. Additionally, indigenous populations often protested against forced labor practices, land seizures, and cultural suppression.
The encomienda system was important to the Spanish because it was the first major system of government set up on the New World. However, by 1970, the many rebellions and the discontentment of the encomenderos were about to tear Spain's New World empire apart. If they hadn't abolished it, Spanish America would have reverted to a continent controlled by various warlords. Because they abolished it, they were able to hold onto their empire for much longer.
The encomienda system in colonial Latin America was marked by numerous problems. Indigenous people were often subjected to forced labor, abuse, and exploitation by encomenderos. Many suffered from disease, death, and displacement due to the harsh working conditions. Additionally, the system contributed to the depopulation and decline of indigenous communities.
The native Americans were forced to work on mission farms and ranches. When the Spanish arrived in the New World, they brought with them a set of customs and traditions from their old Spain. One of the systems that were commonly practiced in Western Europe was forced labour. [ In Spain, this was known as the Encomienda system. An encomienda was a means of providing a Spaniard a portion of land and restricted property rights over a certain number of Indians. The Encomienda system quickly became entrenched in South and Central America. Although it was implemented with the intention to care for and provide for the Native Americans, it became the most abusive and destructive system in colonial New Spain. The Need to Indoctrinate and Instruct Natives in the Catholic Faith The Spanish used religion to justify their domination over the Native Americans. The conquistadors maintained it was God's will that they indoctrinate the Native Americans in the Catholic faith. Under the law of Burgos, any encomendero with more than fifty Natives had to educate one boy in writing and religious doctrine so that he could in turn, teach his people these things. "Some of the Native communities were even divided into territorial doctrinas or parishes with its own priest and church building where Indians would be instructed about the Christian faith," says Michael Busbin. However, this method "quickly became an opportunity for the encomenderos to exploit and utilize the Indians for their own ends," says Meredith Scott. The Belief the Native Americans Were Incompetent The need to Christianize the Natives was not the only reason for the Spanish to establish the encomienda system. The common belief that the Native Americans were savage and incompetent people unable to live a Christian life and conduct money and trade, fueled the Spaniards' desire to establish the encomienda system. Consequently, the Spaniards believed the Natives needed to be clothed, educated and taught about God. ]
Spanish rule for the first 100 years was exercised in most areas through a type of tax farming imported from the Americas and known as the encomienda. But abusive treatment of the local tribute payers and neglect of religious instruction by encomenderos (collectors of the tribute), as well as frequent withholding of revenues from the crown, caused the Spanish to abandon the system by the end of the 17th century. The governor-general, himself appointed by the king, began to appoint his own civil and military governors to rule directly. Central government in Manila retained a medieval cast until the 19th century, and the governor-general was so powerful that he was often likened to an independent monarch. He dominated the Audiencia, or high court, was captain-general of the armed forces, and enjoyed the privilege of engaging in commerce for private profit. Manila dominated the islands not only as the political capital. The galleon trade with Acapulco, Mex., assured Manila's commercial primacy as well. The exchange of Chinese silks for Mexican silver not only kept in Manila those Spanish who were seeking quick profit, but it also attracted a large Chinese community. The Chinese, despite being the victims of periodic massacres at the hands of suspicious Spanish, persisted and soon established a dominance of commerce that survived through the centuries. Manila was also the ecclesiastical capital of the Philippines. The governor-general was civil head of the church in the islands, but the archbishop vied with him for political supremacy. In the late 17th and 18th centuries the archbishop, who also had the legal status of lieutenant governor, frequently won. Augmenting their political power, religious orders, Roman Catholic hospitals and schools, and bishops acquired great wealth, mostly in land. Royal grants and devises formed the core of their holdings, but many arbitrary extensions were made beyond the boundaries of the original grants. The power of the church derived not simply from wealth and official status. The priests and friars had a command of local languages rare among the lay Spanish, and in the provinces they outnumbered civil officials. Thus, they were an invaluable source of information to the colonial government. The cultural goal of the Spanish clergy was nothing less than the full Christianization and Hispanization of the Filipino. In the first decades of missionary work, local religions were vigorously suppressed; old practices were not tolerated. But as the Christian laity grew in number and the zeal of the clergy waned, it became increasingly difficult to prevent the preservation of ancient beliefs and customs under Roman Catholic garb. Thus, even in the area of religion, pre-Spanish Filipino culture was not entirely destroyed. Economic and political institutions were also altered under Spanish impact but perhaps less thoroughly than in the religious realm. The priests tried to move all the people into pueblos, or villages, surrounding the great stone churches. But the dispersed demographic patterns of the old barangays largely persisted. Nevertheless, the datu's once hereditary position became subject to Spanish appointment. Agricultural technology changed very slowly until the late 18th century, as shifting cultivation gradually gave way to more intensive sedentary farming, partly under the guidance of the friars. The socioeconomic consequences of the Spanish policies that accompanied this shift reinforced class differences. The datus and other representatives of the old noble class took advantage of the introduction of the Western concept of absolute ownership of land to claim as their own fields cultivated by their various retainers, even though traditional land rights had been limited to usufruct. These heirs of pre-Spanish nobility were known as the principalia and played an important role in the friar-dominated local government.
The colonized Central and South America except for Brazil, which Portugal colonized.
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enscrolls * enseal * ensealed * ensealing * enseals * enseam * enseamed * enseaming * enseams * ensear * enseared * ensearing * ensears * ensemble * ensembles * ensepulchre * ensepulchred * ensepulchres * ensepulchring * enserf * enserfed * enserfing * enserfment * enserfments * enserfs * ensew * ensewed * ensewing * ensews * ensheath * ensheathe * ensheathed * ensheathes * ensheathing * ensheaths * enshell * enshelled * enshelling * enshells * enshelter * ensheltered * ensheltering * enshelters * enshield * enshielded * enshielding * enshields * enshrine * enshrined * enshrinee * enshrinees * enshrinement * enshrinements * enshrines * enshrining * enshroud * enshrouded * enshrouding * enshrouds * ensiform * ensign * ensigncies * ensigncy * ensigned * ensigning * ensigns * ensignship * ensignships * ensilage * ensilaged * ensilageing * ensilages * ensilaging * ensile * ensiled * ensiles * ensiling * enskied * enskies * ensky * enskyed * enskying * enslave * enslaved * enslavement * enslavements * enslaver * enslavers * enslaves * enslaving * ensnare * ensnared * ensnarement * ensnarements * ensnarer * ensnarers * ensnares * ensnaring * ensnarl * ensnarled * ensnarling * ensnarls * ensorcel * ensorceled * ensorceling * ensorcell * ensorcelled * ensorcelling * ensorcellment * ensorcellments * ensorcells * ensorcels * ensoul * ensouled * ensouling * ensoulment * ensoulments * ensouls * ensphere * ensphered * enspheres * ensphering * enstamp * enstamped * enstamping * enstamps * enstatite * enstatites * ensteep * ensteeped * ensteeping * ensteeps * enstructured * enstyle * enstyled * enstyles * enstyling * ensue * ensued * ensues * ensuing * ensure * ensured * ensurer * ensurers * ensures * ensuring * enswathe * enswathed * enswathement * enswathements * enswathes * enswathing * ensweep * ensweeping * ensweeps * enswept * entablature * entablatures * entablement * entablements * entail * entailed * entailer * entailers * entailing * entailment * entailments * entails * entame * entameba * entamebae * entamebas * entamed * entames * entaming * entamoeba * entamoebae * entamoebas * entangle * entangled * entanglement * entanglements * entangler * entanglers * entangles * entangling * entases * entasia * entasias * entasis * entastic * entayle * entayled * entayles * entayling * entelechies * entelechy * entellus * entelluses * entender * entendered * entendering * entenders * entente * ententes * enter * entera * enterable * enteral * enterally * enterate * enterchaunge * enterchaunged * enterchaunges * enterchaunging * enterdeale * enterdealed * enterdeales * enterdealing * enterectomies * enterectomy * entered * enterer * enterers * enteric * enterics * entering * enterings * enteritides * enteritis * enteritises * enterobacteria * enterobacterial * enterobacterium * enterobiases * enterobiasis * enterocele * enteroceles * enterocenteses * enterocentesis * enterochromaffin * enterococcal * enterococci * enterococcus * enterocoel * enterocoele * enterocoeles * enterocoelic * enterocoelous * enterocoels * enterocolitis * enterocolitises * enterogastrone * enterogastrones * enterokinase * enterokinases * enterolith * enteroliths * enteron * enterons * enteropathies * enteropathogenic * enteropathy * enteropneust * enteropneustal * enteropneusts * enteroptoses * enteroptosis * enterostomal * enterostomies * enterostomy * enterotomies * enterotomy * enterotoxin * enterotoxins * enteroviral * enterovirus * enteroviruses * enterprise * enterprised * enterpriser * enterprisers * enterprises * enterprising * enterprisingly * enters * entertain * entertained * entertainer * entertainers * entertaining * entertainingly * entertainings * entertainment * entertainments * entertains * entertake * entertaken * entertakes * entertaking * entertissued * entertook * entete * entetee * enthalpies * enthalpy * enthetic * enthral * enthraldom * enthraldoms * enthrall * enthralled * enthralling * enthrallingly * enthrallment * enthrallments * enthralls * enthralment * enthralments * enthrals * enthrone * enthroned * enthronement * enthronements * enthrones * enthroning * enthronisation * enthronisations * enthronise * enthronised * enthronises * enthronising * enthronization * enthronizations * enthronize * enthronized * enthronizes * enthronizing * enthuse * enthused * enthuses * enthusiasm * enthusiasms * enthusiast * enthusiastic * enthusiastical * enthusiastically * enthusiasts * enthusing * enthymematic * enthymematical * enthymeme * enthymemes * entia * entice * enticeable * enticed * enticement * enticements * enticer * enticers * entices * enticing * enticingly * enticings * entire * entirely * entireness * entirenesses * entires * entireties * entirety * entitative * entities * entitle * entitled * entitlement * entitlements * entitles * entitling * entity * entoblast * entoblasts * entoderm * entodermal * entodermic * entoderms * entoil * entoiled * entoiling * entoilment * entoilments * entoils * entomb * entombed * entombing * entombment * entombments * entombs * entomic * entomofauna * entomofaunae * entomofaunas * entomologic * entomological * entomologically * entomologies * entomologise * entomologised * entomologises * entomologising * entomologist * entomologists * entomologize * entomologized * entomologizes * entomologizing * entomology * entomophagies * entomophagous * entomophagy * entomophilies * entomophilous * entomophily * entomostracan * entomostracans * entomostracous * entophytal * entophyte * entophytes * entophytic * entophytous * entopic * entoplastral * entoplastron * entoplastrons * entoproct * entoprocts * entoptic * entoptics * entotic * entourage * entourages * entozoa * entozoal * entozoan * entozoans * entozoic * entozoon * entrail * entrailed * entrailing * entrails * entrain * entrained * entrainement * entrainements * entrainer * entrainers * entraining * entrainment * entrainments * entrains * entrall * entralles * entrammel * entrammelled * entrammelling * entrammels * entrance * entranced * entrancement * entrancements * entrances * entranceway * entranceways * entrancing * entrancingly * entrant * entrants * entrap * entrapment * entrapments * entrapped * entrapper * entrappers * entrapping * entraps * entreasure * entreasured * entreasures * entreasuring * entreat * entreatable * entreated * entreaties * entreating * entreatingly * entreative * entreatment * entreatments * entreats * entreaty * entrechat * entrechats * entrecote * entrecotes * entree * entrees * entremes * entremesse * entremesses * entremets * entrench * entrenched * entrenches * entrenching * entrenchment * entrenchments * entrepot * entrepots * entrepreneur * entrepreneurial * entrepreneurialism * entrepreneurialisms * entrepreneurially * entrepreneurism * entrepreneurisms * entrepreneurs * entrepreneurship * entrepreneurships * entrepreneuse * entrepreneuses * entresol * entresols * entrez * entries * entrism * entrisms * entrist * entrists * entrold * entropic * entropically * entropies * entropion * entropions * entropium * entropiums * entropy * entrust * entrusted * entrusting * entrustment * entrustments * entrusts * entry * entryism * entryisms * entryist * entryists * entryphone * entryphones * entryway * entryways * entwine * entwined * entwinement * entwinements * entwines * entwining * entwist * entwisted * entwisting * entwists * enucleate * enucleated * enucleates * enucleating * enucleation * enucleations * enuf * enumerabilities * enumerability * enumerable * enumerate * enumerated * enumerates * enumerating * enumeration * enumerations * enumerative * enumerator * enumerators * enunciable * enunciate * enunciated * enunciates * enunciating * enunciation * enunciations * enunciative * enunciatively * enunciator * enunciators * enunciatory * enure * enured * enuredness * enurednesses * enurement * enurements * enures * enureses * enuresis * enuresises * enuretic * enuretics * enuring * envassal * envassalled * envassalling * envassals * envault * envaulted * envaulting * envaults * enveigle * enveigled * enveigles * enveigling * envelop * envelope * enveloped * enveloper * envelopers * envelopes * enveloping * envelopment * envelopments * envelops * envenom * envenomed * envenoming * envenomization * envenomizations * envenoms * envermeil * envermeiled * envermeiling * envermeils * enviable * enviableness * enviablenesses * enviably * envied * envier * enviers * envies * envious * enviously * enviousness * enviousnesses * enviro * environ * environed * environics * environing * environment * environmental * environmentalism * environmentalisms * environmentalist * environmentalists * environmentally * environments * environs * enviros * envisage * envisaged * envisagement * envisagements * envisages * envisaging * envision * envisioned * envisioning * envisions * envoi * envois * envoy * envoys * envoyship * envoyships * envy * envying * envyingly * envyings * enwall * enwalled * enwalling * enwallow * enwallowed * enwallowing * enwallows * enwalls * enwheel * enwheeled * enwheeling * enwheels * enwind * enwinding * enwinds * enwomb * enwombed * enwombing * enwombs * enwound * enwrap * enwrapment * enwrapments * enwrapped * enwrapping * enwrappings * enwraps * enwreathe * enwreathed * enwreathes * enwreathing * enzian * enzians * enzone * enzoned * enzones * enzoning * enzootic * enzootics * enzym * enzymatic * enzymatically * enzyme * enzymes * enzymic * enzymically * enzymologies * enzymologist * enzymologists * enzymology * enzyms