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A resistance force led by Oliver Cromwell opposed King Charles I, partly because he was Roman Catholic and they disapproved of the power he had given to the Catholic Church. In addition, he led a wasteful, decadent lifestyle at a time when many Britons starved. In addition, He was a Stuart, and many Cromwell supporters believed that the Stuarts had not come to the throne legitimately. The result of Cromwell's uprising was an English civil war between the Roundheads, a Protestant group led by Cromwell, and the Cavaliers, led by the king. When the Cavaliers were finally defeated, Cromwell gained supreme power over the government and was called the Lord Protector. He was a cruel, ineffective leader. His government condemned the king for treason, and the king was executed.

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Parliament executed Charles Stuart for treason. His was the first case of a monarch being tried for treason and helped to establish laws regarding treason.

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Q: Why did Parliament choose to execute Charles Stuart?
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What were the issues that led to the English Civil War?

King Charles considered himself a Divine Right Monarch, that his power came from God. He refused to work with Parliament to rule England fairly and justly. He tried to reintroduce Catholicism in England, even though it was against English law. Oliver Cromwell, a Parliamentarian, took exception to these acts and convinced Parliament to declare Charles I a traitor and remove him as king. The army of Parliament, the Roundheads lost to the army of the King, the Cavaliers. Cromwell recruited and trained his own army, the New Model Army and defeated the Cavaliers. As a result, King Charles I was decapitated and Cromwell became Lord Protector of England, ruling as a dictator for several years.


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