The reason why Lin opposed the opium trade with Britain was because of opium abuse. There were already serious issues with it and Lin did not want to do anything to make them worse.
Russia Kate Lin
The Americanizing of Pau Tsu by Sui Sin Far (a Eurasian-American writer) is about the clash of Chinese and English cultures. The story outlines a business man Wan Lin Fo, who is pictured as an intelligent first generation American who was brought to America and raised amid his father's merchant business. Although at heart a Chinaman, Lin Fo adopts the language, dress, and habits of the new culture he is immersed in. He is often complimented for his acculturation, but reveals a secret pity for those not born in China--"The Heavenly Kingdom". He reveals to his white female friend, Adah Raymond, that he is betrothed to Pau Tsu who remains in China. In his revealing this to Adah, Sui Sin Far hints at the taboo of interracial marriage as Adah is at first startled by his announcement of her "moving a love in him" and relieved when he finishes as "for Pau Tsu". The ingrained aversion to interracial marriage maintained as Lin Fo starts off idolizing the American Adah and later wonders why he ever did. Upon Pau Tsu's arrival, Lin Fo attempts to Americanize her and forces many of the customs onto her even though she clearly does not want them. Pau Tsu's suffering under the forced American culture seems at first a statement of the injustice of demanding cultural assimilation so quickly--a clear statement on the American mentality. However, after Pau Tsu leaves Lin Fo and requests a divorce, the opposition is brought up. Adah has been under the impression that Pau Tsu has suffered so greatly from being plunged into American ways so fiercely, she realizes at the very end of the story that Pau Tsu has misunderstood Adah and Lin Fo's relationship because she DOES NOT understand American ways. In China, females do not have male friends. To Pau Tsu, Adah and Lin Fo must have been in love or concubines because she did not understand the American tradition of inter-sex friendships. Thus, The Americanizing of Pau Tsu presents two sides to an argument: #1) Demanding the Americanization of immigrants so quickly is cruel and #2) it is necessary. This story also has sub motifs of interracial marriage, and the inability to have the best of both worlds. Lin Fo wishes for both a Chinese bride and an American bride, but one comes at the cost of the other. As Pau Tsu grows pale, melancholy, and less herself, she becomes more American, learns more English, and eventually even asks for a divorce--as American a mentality as one can have. In becoming Americanized, her Chinese marital subservience was lost. It also brings up the well-intentioned harm of American ignorance of cultures. Adah always worries for Pau Tsu and tries to defend and help her; ultimately it is Adah presence that makes Pau Tsu feel inferior and Adah's lack of understanding of the Chinese culture which causes her to constantly infringe on Pau Tsu.
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happiness is realized or achieved when one has succeeded in giving the carnal self a sexual orgasm and the spiritual self another argasm-but both must happen at the same time.Then the true-self experiences a bliss.So happy that the self says-oh,yeah-ok-that's enough.With happiness the self then found himself selfless-he or she is merged with the Creator,with the universe,with mankind,with the end of the world.
Lin Tse-hsu opposed the opium trade with Britain due to its devastating effects on Chinese society, including widespread addiction and social decay. He viewed the trade as a moral and ethical crisis, undermining the health and productivity of the population. Lin also recognized that the opium trade was contributing to significant economic imbalances and undermining China's sovereignty, prompting him to take a strong stand against it in order to protect the nation. His efforts included the confiscation of opium stocks and a call for stronger regulations against the trade.
Britain might have defended its role in the Opium War by pointing to the corruption in the Manchu government and the heavy taxes levied on the peasants, as being hypocritical of what Lin says in the letter. The letter indicates that Chinese exports included silk, tea and rhubarb. China's trade with foreigners before the Opium War was conducted through Canton.
Lin Tse-hsu, a high-ranking Qing Dynasty official, attempted to stop the opium trade in the 1830s by enforcing strict measures against opium dealers and users. He ordered the confiscation and destruction of over 1,000 tons of opium in 1839, which was a direct challenge to British trade interests. Lin also wrote letters to Queen Victoria, appealing to her sense of justice to halt the trade. His actions ultimately contributed to escalating tensions that led to the First Opium War.
Lin Tse-hu, also known as Lin Zexu, was a prominent Chinese scholar and official during the Qing Dynasty, born in 1785. He is best known for his strong opposition to the opium trade in China and his role in the events leading up to the First Opium War (1839-1842). Lin implemented strict measures to suppress opium use, including the destruction of opium stocks in Canton, which ultimately led to conflict with Britain. His legacy is celebrated in China for his patriotism and efforts to promote moral integrity and social reform.
The letter was Lin Zexu basically asking the Queen to halt the British trade of opium into China.
Commissioner Lin characterizes trade relations between China and the West prior to the opium trade as largely favorable and balanced, with China exporting valuable goods like tea, silk, and porcelain while importing relatively little. He views the Western demand for Chinese products as a positive aspect of trade, emphasizing that it was conducted on terms that respected Chinese sovereignty and cultural values. Lin's perspective highlights a sense of integrity in trade practices before the opium trade disrupted the relationship, leading to exploitation and conflict.
Lin Zexu was a Chinese scholar-official of the Qing dynasty known for his staunch opposition to the opium trade in China. As a key figure in the events leading up to the First Opium War (1839-1842), he implemented strict measures to suppress opium use and confiscated large quantities of the drug from British traders. His actions and the subsequent tensions between China and Britain exemplify the clash of cultures and imperial interests that fueled the conflict, making him a symbolic figure of resistance against foreign exploitation. Understanding Lin's role is crucial to grasping the broader implications of the Opium War on China's sovereignty and its interactions with the West.
Lin Zexu's letter to Queen Victoria, written in 1839, primarily aimed to address the opium trade and its detrimental effects on Chinese society. He sought to persuade the British monarch to take action against the opium merchants and halt the trade, which was causing widespread addiction and social issues in China. Lin emphasized the moral and ethical responsibilities of Britain in this matter, advocating for mutual respect and cooperation between nations. Ultimately, his letter was a plea for justice and a call for the British to reconsider their actions in China.
The Opium War was fought over cultural, diplomatic and trade differences between Britain and China, although named after a single substance (opium)Because of it's many centuries of isolation from the West, China had no need of western goods or services to match the Western taste for spices, silk and tea. Opium from India, however, of high quality and potency like nothing cultivated in China, found popular favor with China's massive population.Scottish merchants therefore transported opium from ports in India and sold it at great profit to an increasingly addicted Chinese populace.Chinese officials became increasingly uncomfortable with problems of crime, fecklessness and social irresponsibility that resulted from opium misuse.The Emperor of China himself appointed Lin Tse-Hsu as Imperial Commissioner for the Destruction of Opium. Western traders bristled at this interference with trade and profit but, undeterred, Lin arrived in Canton, the only Chinese city where trade with the West was permissible, in March 1839, and set about destroying 20,000 chests of opium. The international Hong merchants of Canton were henceforth forbidden to trade in opium on pain of death. This action was seen by Britain as an unwarranted attack on free trade, as destruction of British property, and as dangerous interference with British subjects abroad. Troops were sent out from India to reinstate European-style free trade.The Opium War as can be seen above was frustrating to Chinese authorities. The war took place in the years 1839 - 1842, and was part of Great Britain's imperialist programs in China. By its victory, Great Britain forced the following terms: A. China was compelled to allow imports of opium;B. Annexed Hong Kong; andC. Granted Great Britain the privilege of extraterritoriality.
In 1839, the Emperor of China was Daoguang, who ruled from 1820 to 1850. While opium was a significant problem in China during his reign, there is no concrete evidence that the Emperor himself was addicted to opium. Instead, he was known for his efforts to combat the opium trade and its negative effects on Chinese society, particularly through the actions of officials like Lin Zexu, who sought to suppress opium use and trade.
He argued that China was a valuable trading partner to the west, which furnished silk, porcelain and many other fine objects, and the "barbarians" of the west returned "the poison" of Opium. He detested the arrangement.
Lin's solution was to punish any native chinese who sell opium with death, and even people who merely smoke it. therefore it is that those foreigners who import opium into china are condemned to be beheaded and strangled by the new law