In a representative form of government, most nations have political parties. Thus, in a General election (that is, the election to chose the government representative), a political party puts forth a member of their party to contest in the election. A political party needs some method for choosing the party member to stand in the General election, and this is what we use Primary elections for.
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In a political party system, each party has to select its candidates. In the U.S., primary elections are part of the process of selecting party candidates. Primaries and caucuses allow the registered party members in each state to participate in the process. The candidates are still going to be chosen by the delegates at the national party conventions, but the primaries commit the delegates to certain candidates going in.
To determine which ONE person from each party will actually run in the final election. Otherwise, having more than one person from the same party running against each other in the final election will 'split' the voters within that party. This tends to dilute the voting strength of the party itself.
When political parties have more candidates than offices to be filled, a primary determines which candidate will be the party's nominee for that elected office. The primaries allow the members of each political party to select the candidate they feel best represents their interest or has the best chance of winning in the General Election. The winner of a primary automatically becomes the party's candidate for the General Election and represents the platform of the political party.
decides which candidate will be given the party nomination to stand for election in the general election
These are known as primary elections or primaries.
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Primary elections and caucuses and the Democratic and Republican Presidential conventions