It is important for a nation to have a constitution because without one you will be very unorganized and people won't know whether or not something is legal. It would also be harder to press justice because you wouldn't be able to legally enforce the law because technically there is no law.
A constitution sets the boundaries of a country's morals so lets say in the united states if the constitution didn't say that soldiers couldn't live in your home against your will that might just occur all the time because whether there is war or not they can legally do that and would be silly not to take advantage.
Summary:
So it is like guidelines for the government and people to follow.
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It provides the basic foundations for an established government, limits the powers of said government, clearly defines roles of the government, and the rights of the people. Without it or a system of checks and balances any form of government can quickly succumb to power hungry individuals and the rights of the people become a thing of the past.
A constitution describes how the government will be established. The first article of the Constitution of the United States describes the congress. The second describes the executive and the third describes the courts.
The United States Constitution is not only the governing document of the land but it is also the first document in the world to give power expressly to the citizenry of the US.
No part of government is exempt from the Fifth Amendment to the US Constitution.
The Cabinet.
No part of the government has an unwritten constitution. This is a fallacy that there is an unwritten constitution just like the idea of a "deep state."
Constitution.
The legislative branch is part of the federal government.