The Court follows a number of time-honored traditions adopted in the 18th and 19th century, and continues today to maintain a sense of continuity and decorum. This prompted one historian to dub them "the first Court still sitting," a reference to the many similarities between the early Court and the Court of today.
For more information about US Supreme Court traditions, see Related Questions, below.
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That depends on the case. Often, the state supreme court is the end of the road for a case, making the decision of the state supreme court final and binding. Sometimes cases involved federal questions (issues arising under the US Constitution or federal law) that allow them to be appealed to the US Supreme Court. If the US Supreme Court hears such a case, it may affirm or overturn the state supreme court decision.
This was the first sitting Supreme Court of the USA. Every decision made by that court established the original precedent for all subsequent cases in the USA. Perhaps the most important was Marbury vs Madison where the precedent was established for the Supreme Court to review laws for "Constitutionality".
The correct name is the Supreme Court of the United States, but most people refer to it as the US Supreme Court. Each state has its own Supreme Court, but the US Supreme Court is the end of the line.