If navigable, the discovery of a Northwest Passage would have provided a more direct and efficient trade route to China than Europeans possessed at the time. Before the Suez and Panama canals were created, trade between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans was only facilitated by long journeys past the southernmost reaches of Africa and South America, resulting in voyages that were many months long. The Northwest passage would have made these trips much more efficient and provided instant boosts to traders' profitability.
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After Marco Polo, the European countries wanted to trade with Asia. The Silk Road was a very poor route to use. It was expensive to mount a group to get there and buy the items, the road went through several different countries, weather could hold up or stop an expedition, bandits raided them, it took too long to get there and back, and often they never returned. So, if they could find a water route, everyone would benefit. The ships could be filled with the things people wanted; the shops in Europe could sell the perfumes, silks, and spices; and it would take less time. Money could be made if a passage was found.
After Marco Polo brought back the things from Asia and wrote a book about his adventure the trade for goods from Asia was wanted by Europe. The only route was over the Silk Road which was long, dangerous, and costly. Shipping technology began to be developed which opened the door for seeking a water route to Asia. The man or nation that found it would be very rich. The finding of North America was an accident and it was far larger and richer in resources than they expected.
Because they wanted to shorten the long voyage towards the Far East, at that time carried out via the Cape of Good Hope, or the longer path around South America.
Because they wanted to have a direct water route to Asia. Well, first, they wanted to find Asia.
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They did because during that time they were exploring the sea.
false Most European nations have one dominant culture.
true