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Who is darius the 1?
Darius, who ruled from 521 BC to 486 BC added a new Persian province in western India. He then conquered Thrace in Europe, created the world's largest empire to that time. Contact with Greece led Darius to invade the Greek mainland. He also created an army known as the immortals because whenever a member was killed, he was immediately replaced. So what I'm trying to say is that he is was the guy who led Persia to victory and power.
Why did the Persian Empire decline after darius and xerxes left the throne?
At this time presian rulers raised taxes to pay for their luxuries. This angered their subjects and caused many rebellions. Also, the persian royal family fought over who was to be king. Sons were constantly plotting to take over the throne. As a result, six of the nine rulers after Darius were murdered. These problems weakend the Empire and led to its decline.
What caused the Persian Empire to decline after the death of Darius?
I assume you are referring to Darius the third. Darius III formed paranoia over the years, and by the time Alexander invaded, he was crazy. He suspected many of his generals of treason. For instance, when one general made a tactical retreat, Darius III suspected him of turning on his nation and had him killed. Four of the seven major generals of Persia were killed by Darius, crippling the Empire's military movement. By the time Darius III died, much of the organization had collapsed, due to his mental illness. With no organized government, the provinces of Persia governed themselves. During this period, however, there were many self proclaimed kings, such as Alexander, Bessus, Smerdis, etc. However, none actualy managed to take a hold over the Empire, only over the city they resided in. However, Persia soon recovered, and around 247 BC, the empire re-emerged under the Parthian dynasty.
Where did Darius the Great expand the Persian Empire?
By the time Cyrus took over, the Persian Empire was already well established by his predecessors Cyrus the Great and Cambyses. Darius added Thrace, Macedonia and the west of India up to the Indus River. His major expedition to capture Scythia failed - he was driven back and rescued by the Ionian Greek fleet which had guarded the crossing of the Danube River for him. His plan to incorporate mainland Greece was forestalled by his having to put down a revolt in Egypt, and he died before resurrecting that plan.
Did the Greeks have a king?
Greece wasn't a single country back in the ancient times. It was a collection of independent city-states, each with it's own government. At some point all of them had kings, and as time went on, they each evolved into systems of oligarchy or democracy. Sometimes kings were still in place, but usually they answered to a council of some kind (as the Spartans did at the time of the Persian invasion).
