because it is an amazing thing that so few could kill so many.
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No, it was a holding operation, and when its purpose was comleted, the Greek coalition force was withdrawn.
A dozen Greek city-states and the Persian expeditionary force.
It was fought to protect the Spartan and Greek homeland from the invading Persian Empire.
The Athenian navy was part of the southern Greek fleet which fought the sea battle at Artemesion in the strait next to the pass of Thermopylae. The Athenian component was commanded by Themistocles.
The Persians defeated the Greek, with each side losing a few thousand casualties.