The land was mountainous with patches of arable land in between. Nomadic tribes would seize a patch of land to settle on, build a fortress, and a city would grow up at its centre, creating a city-state in its own patch of land, which it defended from neighbouring cities.
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the physical geography changed the thoughts of the empires to change into separate city-states because of the shortage of water around the one community.
The geography of Greece caused it to separate into city states. This is because of the mountainous terrain that isolated several parts of Greece. These mountains were very hard to get around and caused every isolated city state of Greece to develop it's own culture. For example Athens developed a strong naval unit because it was close to the sea. AThens was also the most knowledgable about other cultures because the sea made for easy trading.
Rugged geography creates mountains which makes transportation more difficult in Greece which leads to difficulties in communication while the mountains separate them from each other.
When the nomadic Greek peoples settled in Greece, the various tribes took over a section of river valley or plain surrounded by mountains, separated from each other and so established separate communities and governance.
The Greeks settled along short river valleys separated by mountains. Other early civilisations were on land which was subject to inundation by large rivers and flooding as in Egypt, Mesopotamia and China.
greek communities were often separated by mountains or other natural barriers which led to isolationism. thus, greek communities had individual governments and unique customs which led to separate identities and inhibited unity. also the greek city-states were frequently at war with each other which led to an even greater distrust of foreigners. in addition until Philip II greece had never been unified by one government.