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The three kingdoms were the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom.
establishment of trade routes between Egypt and other kingdoms
Farming communities were formed along the River Nile ca.4000BC. Later two kingdoms were established: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. In about 3000BC the two kingdoms were united and Egypt became a kingdom under one pharaoh (king).
In ancient times, Egypt was divided into three kingdoms - Upeer Egypt, Lower Egypt, and Nubia. Lower Egypt is actually the northern part, Upper Egypt is the middle part, and Nubia is the southern part. I know, it's confusing... :)see http://www.answers.com/library/Wikipedia-cid-3571878Upper and Lower Egyptfor a map of the two Egyptian regions/kingdoms.
King Narmer united Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt during his rule in the 1st Dynasty.