South East.
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A bit of both. Rome was becoming decadent, and strong forces sought to over-run it.
The Battle of Actium. The official story is that Marc Antony saw Cleopatra's ship leaving the battle, so he abandoned his ship and chased after her, eventually reuniting with her in Egypt. Without them, their fleet was easily polished off by the Roman fleet, and the last significant resistance to Rome was thereby finished. Rome would become an empire, and Augustus would have it all. There is modern speculation that Cleopatra and Marc Antony had previously intended to run rather than fight this battle.
Among many things some of the more important concepts borrowed by the USA from ancient Greece and ancient Rome were the rights of citizens to vote; to have people accused of a crime be entitled to a jury trial. In ancient Athens for a good period of time, there existed a "democracy" From Rome, the idea of written laws. In addition Rome also had a system for citizens to vote. These essentials for a representative government were lost for ages. The USA placed these basics in US laws. In the era that the USA was formed, few nations had these basic rights in law.
Roman roads were/are famous for being straight. Even today on traces of old Roman roads, we can still make out their directness. These roads were also paved, with their surfaces consisting of large stones. An example of this ancient paving can still be seen on the Appian way outside of Rome.
The Roman Republic was the period from about 510 BCE to about 44 BCE during which the ancient Romans ruled themselves by a republican form of government. But a series of civil wars beginning around 44 BCE ended the republic with the establishment of the Roman Empire, ruled by emperors.