While Poseidon was the protector of many Greek city-states, none were named for him directly.
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The Greek City-State Athens was named for Athena. Athena won Athens from Poseidon because her gift of the olive tree was favored over Poseidon's salt spring, the sea of Erekhtheis.
Poseidon and Athena had a contest to see which god/goddess would have a Greek city-state named after them. Poseidon made a spring, and Athena gave them an olive branch.
Poseidon was hated by Athena, the greek goddess of wisdom, crafts, and warfare. They had both wanted the city Athens to be named after them so they held a contest, but Athena won and so the city was named after her. So therefore they are enemies
Athens
Poseidon and Athena both wanted to be the protector god of the biggest Greek city. The king decided that the winner would be the one who gave the greatest gift to the city. Poseidon created a well on top of the Acropolis. Athena planted an olive tree. The people liked the olive better, Athena was the winner and the city was named Athens after her.