a stable food supply, social classes, specialized labor, government, tradition, defense, and language make a culture into a civilization.
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Sparta was first and foremost a military organization. The arts were not particularly valued since they distracted from military training. Their society was focused on supporting the full-time soldiers who were at the top of the social heap. Culture and religion were taken from the rest of the Greek cities.
They used the plentiful iron to make more iron weapons, allowing more people to use the weapons on other people. Thus, advancing their civilization.
Mesopotamia had big rivers and the land was between them. With water you could make a great empire.
The story of the war provided a common cultural heritage
The Egyptians were able to make a type of paper from papyrus.