Rome was not on the sea and relied on the cities of Puteoli and Ostia. Ostia was a port at the mouth of the Tiber and Puteoli was also a chief Italian port on the Bay of Naples.
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The seas and islands provided great ports and henceforth outside contact.The Dardenelles
He captured the eastern Mediterranean ports to eliminate the Persian navy threat and then defeated the Persian armies.
The three main Roman ports involved with eastern trade were Arsinoe, Berenice and Myos Hormos. Arsinoe was one of the early trading centers but was soon overshadowed by the more easily accessible Myos Hormos and Berenice. In India, the ports of Barbaricum (modern Karachi), Barygaza, Muziris and Arikamedu on the southern tip of India were the main centers of this trade. Muziris is a lost port city in the South Indian state of Kerala which was a major center of trade with the Roman Empire.
It was not easy, taking ten methodical years to do. He captured the eastern Mediterranean ports to eliminate the Persian navy threat to Macedonia and Greece, and then defeated the Persian armies, then captured the outlying provinces to the east.
Through a carefully planned and executed plan lasting ten years - first eliminating the threat of the Persian navy by capturing the Mediterranean ports, then defeating the armies in the field in three major battles, then taking the bordering provinces.