The Incas, Mayans, and Aztecs were the big ones
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Their destruction at the hands of Spanish Conquistadores.
What is now Latin America has been populated for several millennia, possibly for as long as 30,000 years, so it is difficult to name a specific "first civilization of Latin America". The ancient Olmec Civilization is considered to be one of the earliest civilizations in Mesoamerica. They developed around 1200 BC in the southern Gulf Coast area of Mexico. The Zapotec civilization developed around 700 BC in the Valley of Oaxaca in Mesoamerica. The Mayas, the Incas, and the Aztecs existed in Latin America before the arrival of Europeans.
IncasMayansAztecs
developed complex mathematical and calendar systems
the maya