What are the nationalities of the rulers of Egypt through it's history and at what time periods?

Answer 1

The original rulers of Egypt where known as Pharoahs, which literally means 'Great House', as the King's body was the physical 'house' or living space, of a God. The first Pharoahs could be called Native Egyptian, since they would have been descended from the Coptic or Nubian peoples that moved to the Nile after years of living in the desert.

For many thousands of years the Egyptian army was annasailable, until a dramatic turning point in military history occured with the arrival of the Hyksos. These semitic people were among the first to master both breeding and military integration of horses, a mode of warfare that Egyptains had no comprehension of. The Hyksos also had developed one of the greatest advancements in human history, the wheel and axle, allowing them to create chariots.

With these huge technological advantages the Hyksos managed to shatter both Lower and Upper Egypt's military defenses, forcing the Egyptian Royal Family to flee south. Over the next hundred years a number of Hyksosian kings ruled from Thebes, until the native Egyptians learnt to master horses in the same manner as their enemies. The result was a long and arduous war that ultimately resulted in the reclaimation of Egypt from the hands of its opressors.

Many years after the Hyksos came the Greeks, led by Alexander the Great. Alexander, in his campaign, came to Egypt and developed a deep respect for its culture and religion. Though Egypt was technically under Greek rule, the Pharoahs that acted under Grecian command were most likely still Egyptian.

After the fall of the Greeks to the newly forged Roman Empire, Egypt and all countries in the Grecian Empire came under the rule of the Ceasars. During this time there were a mixture of both Greek and Egyptian Pharoahs, once again all acting under the command of Ceasar.

The Roman empire lasted for many years, though was eventually broken. The most recent invasion of Egypt was cheifly Arabian, part of a huge Islamic conquest to take control of all of Eurasia. Modern-day rulers of Egypt are almost without exception Arabs by descent.