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Who were the Estrucans?
The Estrucans were an ancient nomadic people group that brought the Greek ways to Rome. The Greeks taught the Estrucans how to wear Greek clothes, how to look like Greeks and to worship the Greek gods. The Estrucans then brought the Greek ways to Rome when they went on trading expeditions. The Romans took on the Greek ways and gave the gods new names. Eg: Venus as Aphrodite, Jupiter as Zeus, and so on.
Who was the founder of Corinth?
Alcides. 650 BCE. A scion of the House of Bakar and a Sea Merchant. The Bakars - like Dido, Jezebel, Hamilcar, Hamilcar (father of Hannibal), Hannibal, etc, were Phoenicians (Carthagian). Alcides and a certain number of his family (Bakar) in about 650 BCE, suffered an unknown 'tragedy'. Some believe Alcides to be Demaratus. If that is correct, then Estrucans are Phoenicians, so also Romans who were both servants and slaves till a certain revolution against Etruscans. Among these rebels were the famous seven Patriarchs including an ancestor Julius Caesar who conspired to murder a man by the name Cassius.
How did the Estrucans and Greeks influence Rome?
It is difficult to ascertain the actual degree of Etruscan influence of the Etruscans on Rome. Etruscan civilisation decayed quite early (by the 2nd century BC) an archaeological finds from the early period of Rome are scant. The fashionable theory that the Etruscans conquered Rome in the 6th century BC had been challenged. Its evidence base is flimsy to say the least and it is based on unproven assumptions. Recent archaeological evidence suggests a different picture and that the archaic Latins were influenced by the Greeks as much as the Etruscans. . It appears that some of the Roman gods were of Etruscan origin and that Etruscans influenced some religious practices. According to the Roman historian Florus and the Greek historian Strabo, the 5th king of Rome, Tarquinius Priscus who was half Greek and half Etruscan, and was king in the 6th century BC introduced: • The celebration of triumphs in Etruscan style • The golden chariot of the king • The fasces, a bundle of wooden sticks with an axe sticking out in the middle. This was used by the lictors, the guards of the consuls and the praetor. They were also a symbol of the power and authority of the consuls and the praetor. • The clothes worn by people in positions of authority. The trabea, the robe worn by the king and later , during the republic) the consuls and priests during public ceremonies. The toga praetexta, the robe worn by higher officers of state and the paludamnetum, a cloak worn by generals and their higher officers when commanding an army (but not during peace The tubae, horns used for signals in the army Greek influence started very early on in the history of the Romans and (more widely) of central and southern Italy. The Greeks established colonies (settlements) in southern Italy and Sicily from the 8th to the 7th century BC. Being a more advanced civilisation, their arrival had a big impact on all the Italic peoples they came in contact with during their archaic (early) period. For example, Etruscan civilisation arose out of trade with and deep influence by these Greeks in what has been called the orientalising period, where the Etruscans adopted Greek motifs for their pottery and Greek architectural styles. The Italic peoples also adopted and adapted the western Greek alphabet to create their own written languages. This included written Etruscan and written Latin (the Romans were Latins). Recent archaeological evidence has shown that the Latins were influenced by the Greeks of Cumae (a Greek city near Naples, just 125 miles south of Rome) as well as the Etruscans in their archaic period. The Romans started using the books of the Sibyls of Cumae already in the 6th century BC. The Sybils were Greek oracles, some of whom lived in the mentioned Greek city of Cumae. The Romans also adopted the Greek god Apollo, who was an oracular god (the god of the oracles) and built the Temple of Apollo Medicus (the doctor) in in 431 BC. Apollo's son, Asclepius, was also adopted. The Senate was instructed to build a temple in his honour by the Sybils in 293 BC. The Romans also procured a statue of him from Greece. The Romans adopted the Greek twin gods Castor and Pollux and the mythology associated with them by the late 5th century. During the Second Punic War (218-202 BC) they 'imported' Cybele (whom they called Magna Mater, Great Mother) because Sibyls said that with this Rome could defeat Carthage. Later on, the Romans also linked their own gods to the Greek gods and to their associated (Greek) mythologies. Greek influence on the Romans increased with the conquest of the Greek city of Tarentum (in the heel of Italy) and with the later contact with mainland Greece. Educators from Tarentum went to Rome. This led to the adoption of the Greek model for education in Rome. Contact with mainland Greece led to increased Greek influence, leading to the adoption of Greek models of poetry for Roman drama and comedy, Greek philosophy (Stoicism and Epicureanism), Greek sports, and the like.
