SPQR is an initialism or formula for the Latin phrase, SenÄtus Populusque RÅmÄnus, meaning "The Senate and the People of Rome." This is a reference to the nation or sovereign entity that was the Roman Republic, and was also used during the Roman Empire to refer to the sovereign state of Rome.
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SPQR was the acronym of Senatus Populsque Romanus. It meant the senate and the Roman people. It was the symbol of the Roman Republic and it appeared on coins, inscriptions, monuments, public works and the standards of the legions. It referred to the government of the Republic, implying that the senate governed on behalf of the people.
The symbol was an eagle, and the motto was SPQR, which, when translated, read, the senate and the population of Rome.
A republic can take more than one form in actuality. Meaning the bodies of legislature can be more than of one name and type. For example, the US is a republic with federal legislative bodies sitting (working) in Congress. The Congress is made up of two legislative sections, the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House represents the people, thus has over 438 representatives (divided up based on the population of each state, thus California has the most reps.) while the Senate represents the states, with each state having 2 senators for a total of 100 Senators. These totals together, Representatives and Senators, make up the number of electoral votes in the Electoral College. this total is 538. When the federal elections take place, the 1st Tuesday in November, every 4 years, the President elect must win 50% plus 1 of the total electoral college votes to become the next president of the USA. The total, 538 legislators, means the President elect has to win at least 269 electoral votes to be elected. Different countries with a Republic system, for example France has one as well, would have the details of their legislative setup somewhat different though similar the USA. This would be the case of all the republics around the world. The other major system of legislative democratic governments, parliamentary systems, would have a different setup entirely. For example all of the members of the British Commonwealth (any nation formerly owned by Britain) would have a Parliamentary system. They would be democratic (selected by the people in voting) but not a Republic (which also is democratic since its members are also selected by the people by vote).
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