Chariot Races
The word "panem" is Latin for "bread." It is famously used in the phrase "panem et circenses," meaning "bread and circuses," which refers to the provision of basic needs and entertainment to appease the populace. The term gained broader cultural significance through its use in Suzanne Collins' "The Hunger Games," where "Panem" is the name of the dystopian nation in the story.
Gladiators, who were often slaves or prisoners of war and sometimes even volunteer Romans, were highly trained athletes with skills in weaponry and hand-to-hand combat. They received their very specialized training at schools known as ludi. In the early days of the games, these schools were privately owned, but their ownership was eventually transferred to the state, in order to avoid the threat of a private army forming within the boundaries of the Roman Empire. The ludi provided gladiators with intense athletic training, as well as training with weaponry.The gladiators lived in barracks built especially for them, which were usually located near their home amphitheater. Because they were such expensive investments, gladiators were well fed and received the very best medical care of the day. Also, a gladiator usually did not fight on more than two or three matches each year. The gladiators from their certain ludi traveled together as a group, known as a familia, along with their lanista(trainer), from town to town throughout the Empire for gladiatorial games.
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Ludi Armbruster has written: 'Ludi Armbruster'
The Latin "panem et circenses" literally means "bread and circuses".
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The chariot races were held during religious festivals which included ludi (games) circenses. These games were named after the Circus Maximus, Rome's chariot race track because they were held there and included chariot races. These were the Ludi Romani, in honour of Jupiter (it originally lasted one day and was later extended to three days and to eight days), the equirria, which was held twice a year in honour of Mars, the Ludi Consulalia the festival in honour to Consus, a god who was a protector of grains and of secret councils, which was held twice a year and the Floralia, which lasted six days, in honour of Flora, the goddess of flowers. These games also included other events, such as acrobatic displays, dances and theatrical competitions (ludi scaenici).