The decision to attack Sparta
Athens's defeat by Sparta
The Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) between Sparta and Athens started the decline of the Athenian Empire. Sparta emerged as the victor of the war and the most powerful Greek state for many years. Athens continued as a cultural and intellectual center until its further decline in the Middle Ages up until its fall to the Ottoman Empire in 1456.
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Baxevanis, J. J. (2016). Athens. In Academic World Book. Retrieved from
http://www.worldbookonline.com/academic/article?id=ar035500
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Pericles' decision to attack Sparta
The period of disorder after the decline of the Roman Empire led to an extended period of disunity during the Middle Ages that was characterized by feudalism.
It's takeover by Alexander the great.
Persia lost the battles of Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela, which led to Alexander's takeover of the Persian Empire.
It's takeover by Alexander the Great.