They exchanged their surplus for money or for goods.
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The Lydians are known for being the first to use real coinage money.
It is believe, origin of trade start from direct trading of good or service e.g. trading fur or working for food. Precious metal like gold or cowrie shell or gemstone that yield significant value to society came in place as direct media of trade. It would later evolve to use of other common media like coin and paper and refer its' value to gold.
It was a courier system, by roads and by sea for official use.
4. How did ancient farmers use the water of the Indus river system to help grow crops?
Money was invented long before the 1700s. The first "money" was just bartering, trading one thing for another thing. Then metal objects were introduced as money around 5000 B.C. The Lydians were the first to make and use coins, around 700 B.C. Please see the related link below for more information.