The Egyptian calendar was base on a solar year
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The earliest recorded in ancient history calendar was the "Egyptian calendar" around 4236 B.C.E. They devised a 365-day calendar basing on the moon's cycles or what is called the solar calendar.
* Hieroglyphic writing * 365-day calendar * number system based on 10 and fractions * medicine and 1st medicine books.
The Egyptian
The Ancient Mayan Civilization calendar.
Basically, yes, they did, although Julius Caesar gets the historical credit for it. Caesar used the Egyptian astronomers to help calculate and reform the out of date calendar that the Romans were using.