And many others I can't think of now. Persians did many contributions to the world civilization. Unfortunately most of the written documents were destroyed by Arabs after invading Persia or current Iran.
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Cold cellars (used as fridge), piping system (not the modern kind though), discovery of alcohol by Rhazes, Cannon of Medicine (A book detailing what different herbs did for healing) by Avicenna, foundation of Human Rights (Cyrus the Great is believed to be the founder) and many other scientific discoveries. They were also the first civilization to use a coin type money system.
They attempted to establish stability across a wide area from Libya to Central Asia. This promoted security and prosperity, which gave the people a better standard of living.
This provided a 200 year window of improved human life across a wide area, building on the more limited area covered by their predecessors the Assyrians and the Babylonians. It was taken over by the Macedonians and then the Romans, and progressively disintegrated, and has stayed that way as evidenced by the Middle East wars, destruction and massacres of today.
It consisted of three major components; a pot, a metallic rod and a rod used a cell. The concept was very simple as they used a pot containing an electrolyte and a rod which was used as a cell. Persian people invented battery, and later on, each civilization worked on its concept to get better results.
The Persians contributed the idea of a single currency, so that it's people didn't have to barter goods anymore.
=The lasting contributions of the Egyptians were in is medicine.=
He secured the borders, provided provincial government, internal and external security, and promoted trade and prosperity.
darius used some of persian's great wealth to build roads across the empire
They were two different wars - the Persian War wass the persian Empire versus the mainland Greek cities, and the Peloponnesian War was between Greek cities. The Greeks won some, lost some in both wars.
he had a giant zit