I don't know exactly who invented it I do know however that in class i was told that the Romans invented it but many of my resources say that the Greeks made it I do not believe this because the Romans where more involved on a mix of war and tech then the Greek's.
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The ballista was a catapult type of weapon that could fire large iron arrows or heavy stones. Much used by the Roman armies.
Ballista
The inventions, that the Ancient Romans invented and used, was the ballista or in modern words, the catapult. The catapult was used for hurling rocks into the air. They also used battering rams. They were used for breaking through walls and doors. They ALSO used modern calendars, hot baths and bread. And another invention I know is debating. Only men could go inside the debating room, meet and debate "political issues". The age DIDN'T MATTER unless the person was a male and a real Roman Citizen.
The pierrier is a stone throwing device and is used to cover a number of different types of war engine. Pierriers were employed either to smash walls or to throw projectiles over them.All pierriers were made from wood. There are different types: the traction trebuchets, counterweight trebuchets, onagers (mangonels) and balistas (springalds).Of course, the sling shot was the very first type.
It really depends on your definition of "advanced" whether you mean killing efficiency, the technologies used, or the manpower it required. In the sense of technologies, the mostly did. At least in the western world. Their weapons included the first field artillery: the ballista, a massive crossbow that fired large, accurate and extremely deadly wooden spear-tipped bolts. They also used catapults. The Roman foot soldier was very advanced in comparison to other soldiers of the time period. They used the first plated armour called 'Lorica Segmentata' which was composed of riveted metal plates that combined protection from blades and arrows with manoeuverability. Their spear, known as the 'Pillum', had a heavy spear point connected to the shaft by a weak peice of metal so that if the spear missed after it was thrown it would bend and break making it imposible to throw back. They also had the 'Gladius' which was a short sword intented to be thrust at the enemy in close quarters. It was not only the equipment that made the Romans such good fighters... they used visionary tactics and were led by some of the best generals of the time.
No. Iraq used to be called Mesopotamia. It is Iran that used to be Persia.