It was the Eastern side of when the Roman Empire broke apart. The capital was Constantinople. At its core were Greece and the Anatolian Peninsula, but the Empire also included Italy, Egypt, North Africa, the Middle East, Southern Spain, and Bulgaria during the course of its existence.
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Constantinople
Byzantium (modern day Istanbul) is located directly between Europe and the Middle East / Asia. This made it an ideal location for a trade empire.
When the Romans invaded the area that is now called turkey they captured the strategic city of byzantium and renamed it
The city was known as Istanbul
A byzant is a coin made out of gold or silver, minted at Byzantium in ancient Greece.