The Sumerians of Mesopotamia, they developed cuneiform. They also invented the wheel and a number system based on 60.
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Launguage is a key part to a civilization so the need to communicate was propably what led to the formation of a language.
their writing was called hieroglyphics and it was a form of picture writing
They were the ancient form of picture-writing that was used in Egypt around 3000BC or so.
Cuneiform is the type of earliest writing. The summerians invented it so they are considered the first civilization.
like the Olmec before them, the Maya developed a form of writing. However, the maya writing system was more complex.