The Babylonian Empire was taken over by the Persians in 539 B.C.
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Carthaginians
Alexander the Great; a Macedonian
Nebuchadnezzar l King of the Babylonian Empire 1125 BC - 1103 BC Nebuchadnezzar ll ruled Babylon 605 BC - 562 BC
Alexander, king of Macedonia.
The neo-Babylonian Empire is not known for any built-in weaknesses, other than its mere size which made it more difficult to govern in a time of primitive communications and transport. On the contrary, it is considered to represent the heyday of culture and economic development in the area. It only succumbed to king Cyrus the Great of Persia when his army - aided by the treason and defection of a Babylonian Governor and his army - defeated the Babylonian army at the battle of Opis in 539 BC.