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Xianfeng was a Manchu Qing Dynasty Emperor (number 8), and the 7th of those emperors to rule over China.

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Continue Learning about Ancient History

What does the Chinese word Zhong-Xian mean?

中线 = midline


What is a word in ancient history that starts with x?

Xian is the place where the terracotta warriors are found


What does Xian mean in Chinese?

"first", "salty", or "line" would be the most obvious choices but you can't really tell because we don't know the sound. and there's a lot of different meanings to the same sound.


What does the name xiana mean?

The name Xiana is of Galician origin and is derived from the name Xian, which means "gift from God" in Chinese. Xiana is often used as a feminine given name and is also sometimes used as a variation of the name Diana.


What gods and goddesses did the people of ancient china believe in?

AAo Descriptio: The 4 dragon kings named Ao Ch'in, Ao Kuang, Ao Jun and Ao Shun. Each was responsible for a part of Earth and an area of sea. During droughts, teh dragon kings were worshipped with noisy nparades of music and dance which followed a cloth effigy of a dragon. Every stream and river had its own Ao. Ch'ang-o Other Names: Heng-o. Description: Goddess of the Moon and wife of I. Ch'eng-Huang Description: God of walls and ditches. Each town/village had its own local Ch'eng-Huang. Rules Over: Protection, justice. Chih-Nii Other Names: Chih Nu Description: Goddess of spinners, weavers and clouds. Rules Over: Handcrafts, rain. Ch'in-Shu-Pao Description: Guardian God. T'ang dynasty military hero elevated to the job of guarding doors. Rules Over: Protection, privacy. Chuang-Mu Description: Goddess of the bedroom and sexual delights. Rules Over: Sex. Chu-Jung Description: God of fire and executions. Rules Over: Justice, revenge, death. Erh-Lang Description: God who chases away evil spirits and shape-shifter who had up to 72 different bodily forms. Widely worshipped. Rules Over: Protection from evil. Feng-Po-Po Description: Goddess of winds. Rules Over: Storms, moisture. Fu-Hsi Other Names: Fu-Hsing. Description: God of happiness, symbolized by the bat. Rules Over: Destiny, love, success. Hou-Chi Description: Ancient harvest God. Depicted as a kindly old man with millet stalks growing on his head. Rules Over: Harvest, crops. Hsi Wang Mu Other Names: Wang-Mu Niang-Niang, Weiwobo. Description: Highest Goddess of ancient China. Her palace iss in the Khun-lun mountain where she protects the herb of immortality. Rules Over: Curing disease. Hsuan-T'ien-Shang-Ti Description: Ruler of Water, God who removes evil spirits and demons. Rules Over: Exorcism. Hu-Tu Other Names: Hou-T'u Description: Female deity Earth. The Emperor offered sacrifices to her on a square marble altar in the Forbidden City each summer solstice. Rules Over: Earth magick, fertility. I-Ti Description: God of wine who invented winemaking. Rules Over: Wine. Kuan Ti Description: God of war and fortunetelling. Shown dressed in green and had a red face. Rules Over: Protection, valor, justice, divination, revenge, death, dark magick, prophecy. Kuan Yin Other Names: Kwan Yin, Kwannon. Description: Great Mother, patroness of priestesses. Sometime depicted holding a child. It is thought this Goddess sits on her paradise island of P'u T'o and answers every prayer to her. Rules Over: Success, mercy, purification, fertility, children, motherhood, childbirth, healing, enlightenment. K'uei-Hsing Other Names: Chung-Kuei. Description: Protector of travelers. God of tests and examinations, literature and students. Rules Over: Protection during travel, tests, literature, students. Lan Ts'ai-Ho Description: One of the 8 Immortals of ancient China, this Goddess dressed as a woman but had a male voice. Carried a flute and basket of fruit. Rules Over: Music, fertility. Lao-Tien-Yeh Description: The Jade Emperor. "Father Heaven." Lei-King Other Names: Lei-Kung. Description: God of thunder and retribution, he had few shrines. Shown as an ugly man with blue skin, wings and claws, clad in a loincloth. He punished the guilty that human law did not touch. Rules Over: Justice, punishment. Lo Shen Description: Goddess of rivers. Rules Over: Water magick. Lu-Hsing Description: God of pay and employees. Symbol was a deer which he rode on. Rules Over: Prosperity, success, law, employment. Lu-Pan Other Names: Lupan. Description: God of carpenters and masons. Rules Over: Artistic abilities, fame. Ma-Ku Description: Goddess of springtime. Rules Over: Spring rites. Men Shen Description: Two deities who warded the door against evil spirits and hostile influences. One had a red or black face, the other a white face. They both wore military dress, holding a long-handled mace. Rules Over: Protection. Meng-Po Niang Niang Description: Goddess who lived just inside the door to hell where those reincarnating would depart. Her sacred potion, of which she gave a few drops to each departing person, made all humans forget previous lives. Rules Over: Passing over rites, past-lives. Nu Kua Description: Creator Goddess who made humankind. Rules Over: Creation. Pa Description: Goddess of droughts. Rules Over: Droughts. P'an-Chin-Lien Description: Goddess of prostitutes. Rules Over: Prostitution. Pi-Hsia Yuan Chin Description: Goddess of childbirth and labor, she brings health and good fortune to the newborn and protection to the mother. Rules Over: Protection, good fortune, health, childbirth, labor. Sao-Ts'ing Niang Description: Goddess of the clouds. Rules Over: Ending droughts. Shaka-Nyorai Other Names: Sakyamuni. Description: Historical Buddha. Rules Over: Virtue, enlightenment, self-realization. Shang-Ti Description: The Supreme God. Shen Nung Description: God of medicine, pharmacy, agriculture. Rules Over: Medicine, pharmacy, agriculture. Shou-Hsing Other Names: Shou, Lao. Description: God of longevity and old people, keeper of the book of the life-span of men. Shown with a prominent bald head with white eyebrows and whiskers. A stag beside him, he leaned on a staff and carried a peach, symbol of immortality. Rules Over: Life plan, date of death, reincarnation. Shui-Khan Description: God who defends men against all evil and forgives sins. Rules Over: Averting evil. T'ai-Yueh-Ta-Ti Other Names: Tung-Yueh-Ta-Ti. Description: God of the affairs of men, protector of men and animals. Rules Over: Children, fortune, honors, fate, animals, payment of good and bad karma, prosperity, success. Tien-Hou Other Names: Tien Fei. Description: Protectress of sailors and others in time of danger. Rules Over: Protection. T'ien-Khuan Description: God who bestows happiness. Rules Over: Happiness. Tien-Mu Description: Goddess of lightning. Rules Over: Lightning. Ti-Khuan Description: God who grants remission of sins. Ti-Tsang-Wang-Pu-Sa Description: God of mercy, he visited those in Hell and tried to arrange for a good reincarnation. Depicted as a smiling robed monk with a halo around his body and carried a pearl that gave off light. Rules Over: Knowledge for reincarnation. Tou-Mou Description: Goddess of the polestar and record-keeper; scribe of the Immortals. Judge of all peoples. Rules Over: Stars, records, writing, judgement. Tsai Shen Other Names: Ts'ai-Shen Description: God of wealth, most popular chinese god. Shown dressed in exquisite silks. Rules Over: Abundance, success. Tsao-Wang Other Names: Tsao-Chun. Description: Kitchen god, god of the hearth. Protector of families and recorder of the actions and words of each family. His wife recorded the behavior of women in particular. He gave his report to the Jade Emperor who then determined the family's coming fortunes. Tsi-Ku Other Names: Tsi Ku Niang. Description: Goddess of the outhouse. It is said that when a woman wanted to know the future, she went to the outhouse and asked Tsi-Ku. Rules Over: Outhouses, divination. Twen-Ch'ang Other Names: Wen-Chang-Ta-Ti. Description: God of literature and poetry. Rules Over: Writing, publishing, artistic fame. Yao-Shih Description: "Master of healing." Rules Over: Psychic abilities, healing powers. Yeng-Wang-Yeh Description: FOremost of the ten Yama Kings of Lords of Death. Ruler of hell. He decided the fate of all new arrivals, determining if they went to a special court for trial, were punished or sent straight back to the Wheel of Life. Rules Over: Judgment, punishment, karmic justice.o Description: The 4 dragon kings named Ao Ch'in, Ao Kuang, Ao Jun and Ao Shun. Each was responsible for a part of Earth and an area of sea. During droughts, teh dragon kings were worshipped with noisy parades of music and dance which followed a cloth effigy of a dragon. Every stream and river had its own Ao. Ch'ang-o Other Names: Heng-o. Description: Goddess of the Moon and wife of I. Ch'eng-Huang Description: God of walls and ditches. Each town/village had its own local Ch'eng-Huang. Rules Over: Protection, justice. Chih-Nii Other Names: Chih Nu Description: Goddess of spinners, weavers and clouds. Rules Over: Handcrafts, rain. Ch'in-Shu-Pao Description: Guardian God. T'ang dynasty military hero elevated to the job of guarding doors. Rules Over: Protection, privacy. Chuang-Mu Description: Goddess of the bedroom and sexual delights. Rules Over: Sex. Chu-Jung Description: God of fire and executions. Rules Over: Justice, revenge, death. Erh-Lang Description: God who chases away evil spirits and shape-shifter who had up to 72 different bodily forms. Widely worshipped. Rules Over: Protection from evil. Feng-Po-Po Description: Goddess of winds. Rules Over: Storms, moisture. Fu-Hsi Other Names: Fu-Hsing. Description: God of happiness, symbolized by the bat. Rules Over: Destiny, love, success. Hou-Chi Description: Ancient harvest God. Depicted as a kindly old man with millet stalks growing on his head. Rules Over: Harvest, crops. Hsi Wang Mu Other Names: Wang-Mu Niang-Niang, Weiwobo. Description: Highest Goddess of ancient China. Her palace iss in the Khun-lun mountain where she protects the herb of immortality. Rules Over: Curing disease. Hsuan-T'ien-Shang-Ti Description: Ruler of Water, God who removes evil spirits and demons. Rules Over: Exorcism. Hu-Tu Other Names: Hou-T'u Description: Female deity Earth. The Emperor offered sacrifices to her on a square marble altar in the Forbidden City each summer solstice. Rules Over: Earth magick, fertility. I-Ti Description: God of wine who invented winemaking. Rules Over: Wine. Kuan Ti Description: God of war and fortunetelling. Shown dressed in green and had a red face. Rules Over: Protection, valor, justice, divination, revenge, death, dark magick, prophecy. Kuan Yin Other Names: Kwan Yin, Kwannon. Description: Great Mother, patroness of priestesses. Sometime depicted holding a child. It is thought this Goddess sits on her paradise island of P'u T'o and answers every prayer to her. Rules Over: Success, mercy, purification, fertility, children, motherhood, childbirth, healing, enlightenment. K'uei-Hsing Other Names: Chung-Kuei. Description: Protector of travelers. God of tests and examinations, literature and students. Rules Over: Protection during travel, tests, literature, students. Lan Ts'ai-Ho Description: One of the 8 Immortals of ancient China, this Goddess dressed as a woman but had a male voice. Carried a flute and basket of fruit. Rules Over: Music, fertility. Lao-Tien-Yeh Description: The Jade Emperor. "Father Heaven." Lei-King Other Names: Lei-Kung. Description: God of thunder and retribution, he had few shrines. Shown as an ugly man with blue skin, wings and claws, clad in a loincloth. He punished the guilty that human law did not touch. Rules Over: Justice, punishment. Lo Shen Description: Goddess of rivers. Rules Over: Water magick. Lu-Hsing Description: God of pay and employees. Symbol was a deer which he rode on. Rules Over: Prosperity, success, law, employment. Lu-Pan Other Names: Lupan. Description: God of carpenters and masons. Rules Over: Artistic abilities, fame. Ma-Ku Description: Goddess of springtime. Rules Over: Spring rites. Men Shen Description: Two deities who warded the door against evil spirits and hostile influences. One had a red or black face, the other a white face. They both wore military dress, holding a long-handled mace. Rules Over: Protection. Meng-Po Niang Niang Description: Goddess who lived just inside the door to hell where those reincarnating would depart. Her sacred potion, of which she gave a few drops to each departing person, made all humans forget previous lives. Rules Over: Passing over rites, past-lives. Nu Kua Description: Creator Goddess who made humankind. Rules Over: Creation. Pa Description: Goddess of droughts. Rules Over: Droughts. P'an-Chin-Lien Description: Goddess of prostitutes. Rules Over: Prostitution. Pi-Hsia Yuan Chin Description: Goddess of childbirth and labor, she brings health and good fortune to the newborn and protection to the mother. Rules Over: Protection, good fortune, health, childbirth, labor. Sao-Ts'ing Niang Description: Goddess of the clouds. Rules Over: Ending droughts. Shaka-Nyorai Other Names: Sakyamuni. Description: Historical Buddha. Rules Over: Virtue, enlightenment, self-realization. Shang-Ti Description: The Supreme God. Shen Nung Description: God of medicine, pharmacy, agriculture. Rules Over: Medicine, pharmacy, agriculture. Shou-Hsing Other Names: Shou, Lao. Description: God of longevity and old people, keeper of the book of the life-span of men. Shown with a prominent bald head with white eyebrows and whiskers. A stag beside him, he leaned on a staff and carried a peach, symbol of immortality. Rules Over: Life plan, date of death, reincarnation. Shui-Khan Description: God who defends men against all evil and forgives sins. Rules Over: Averting evil. T'ai-Yueh-Ta-Ti Other Names: Tung-Yueh-Ta-Ti. Description: God of the affairs of men, protector of men and animals. Rules Over: Children, fortune, honors, fate, animals, payment of good and bad karma, prosperity, success. Tien-Hou Other Names: Tien Fei. Description: Protectress of sailors and others in time of danger. Rules Over: Protection. T'ien-Khuan Description: God who bestows happiness. Rules Over: Happiness. Tien-Mu Description: Goddess of lightning. Rules Over: Lightning. Ti-Khuan Description: God who grants remission of sins. Ti-Tsang-Wang-Pu-Sa Description: God of mercy, he visited those in Hell and tried to arrange for a good reincarnation. Depicted as a smiling robed monk with a halo around his body and carried a pearl that gave off light. Rules Over: Knowledge for reincarnation. Tou-Mou Description: Goddess of the polestar and record-keeper; scribe of the Immortals. Judge of all peoples. Rules Over: Stars, records, writing, judgement. Tsai Shen Other Names: Ts'ai-Shen Description: God of wealth, most popular chinese god. Shown dressed in exquisite silks. Rules Over: Abundance, success. Tsao-Wang Other Names: Tsao-Chun. Description: Kitchen god, god of the hearth. Protector of families and recorder of the actions and words of each family. His wife recorded the behavior of women in particular. He gave his report to the Jade Emperor who then determined the family's coming fortunes. Tsi-Ku Other Names: Tsi Ku Niang. Description: Goddess of the outhouse. It is said that when a woman wanted to know the future, she went to the outhouse and asked Tsi-Ku. Rules Over: Outhouses, divination. Twen-Ch'ang Other Names: Wen-Chang-Ta-Ti. Description: God of literature and poetry. Rules Over: Writing, publishing, artistic fame. Yao-Shih Description: "Master of healing." Rules Over: PsychiAo Description: The 4 dragon kings named Ao Ch'in, Ao Kuang, Ao Jun and Ao Shun. Each was responsible for a part of Earth and an area of sea. During droughts, teh dragon kings were worshipped with noisy parades of music and dance which followed a cloth effigy of a dragon. Every stream and river had its own Ao. Ch'ang-o Other Names: Heng-o. Description: Goddess of the Moon and wife of I. Ch'eng-Huang Description: God of walls and ditches. Each town/village had its own local Ch'eng-Huang. Rules Over: Protection, justice. Chih-Nii Other Names: Chih Nu Description: Goddess of spinners, weavers and clouds. Rules Over: Handcrafts, rain. Ch'in-Shu-Pao Description: Guardian God. T'ang dynasty military hero elevated to the job of guarding doors. Rules Over: Protection, privacy. Chuang-Mu Description: Goddess of the bedroom and sexual delights. Rules Over: Sex. Chu-Jung Description: God of fire and executions. Rules Over: Justice, revenge, death. Erh-Lang Description: God who chases away evil spirits and shape-shifter who had up to 72 different bodily forms. Widely worshipped. Rules Over: Protection from evil. Feng-Po-Po Description: Goddess of winds. Rules Over: Storms, moisture. Fu-Hsi Other Names: Fu-Hsing. Description: God of happiness, symbolized by the bat. Rules Over: Destiny, love, success. Hou-Chi Description: Ancient harvest God. Depicted as a kindly old man with millet stalks growing on his head. Rules Over: Harvest, crops. Hsi Wang Mu Other Names: Wang-Mu Niang-Niang, Weiwobo. Description: Highest Goddess of ancient China. Her palace iss in the Khun-lun mountain where she protects the herb of immortality. Rules Over: Curing disease. Hsuan-T'ien-Shang-Ti Description: Ruler of Water, God who removes evil spirits and demons. Rules Over: Exorcism. Hu-Tu Other Names: Hou-T'u Description: Female deity Earth. The Emperor offered sacrifices to her on a square marble altar in the Forbidden City each summer solstice. Rules Over: Earth magick, fertility. I-Ti Description: God of wine who invented winemaking. Rules Over: Wine. Kuan Ti Description: God of war and fortunetelling. Shown dressed in green and had a red face. Rules Over: Protection, valor, justice, divination, revenge, death, dark magick, prophecy. Kuan Yin Other Names: Kwan Yin, Kwannon. Description: Great Mother, patroness of priestesses. Sometime depicted holding a child. It is thought this Goddess sits on her paradise island of P'u T'o and answers every prayer to her. Rules Over: Success, mercy, purification, fertility, children, motherhood, childbirth, healing, enlightenment. K'uei-Hsing Other Names: Chung-Kuei. Description: Protector of travelers. God of tests and examinations, literature and students. Rules Over: Protection during travel, tests, literature, students. Lan Ts'ai-Ho Description: One of the 8 Immortals of ancient China, this Goddess dressed as a woman but had a male voice. Carried a flute and basket of fruit. Rules Over: Music, fertility. Lao-Tien-Yeh Description: The Jade Emperor. "Father Heaven." Lei-King Other Names: Lei-Kung. Description: God of thunder and retribution, he had few shrines. Shown as an ugly man with blue skin, wings and claws, clad in a loincloth. He punished the guilty that human law did not touch. Rules Over: Justice, punishment. Lo Shen Description: Goddess of rivers. Rules Over: Water magick. Lu-Hsing Description: God of pay and employees. Symbol was a deer which he rode on. Rules Over: Prosperity, success, law, employment. Lu-Pan Other Names: Lupan. Description: God of carpenters and masons. Rules Over: Artistic abilities, fame. Ma-Ku Description: Goddess of springtime. Rules Over: Spring rites. Men Shen Description: Two deities who warded the door against evil spirits and hostile influences. One had a red or black face, the other a white face. They both wore military dress, holding a long-handled mace. Rules Over: Protection. Meng-Po Niang Niang Description: Goddess who lived just inside the door to hell where those reincarnating would depart. Her sacred potion, of which she gave a few drops to each departing person, made all humans forget previous lives. Rules Over: Passing over rites, past-lives. Nu Kua Description: Creator Goddess who made humankind. Rules Over: Creation. Pa Description: Goddess of droughts. Rules Over: Droughts. P'an-Chin-Lien Description: Goddess of prostitutes. Rules Over: Prostitution. Pi-Hsia Yuan Chin Description: Goddess of childbirth and labor, she brings health and good fortune to the newborn and protection to the mother. Rules Over: Protection, good fortune, health, childbirth, labor. Sao-Ts'ing Niang Description: Goddess of the clouds. Rules Over: Ending droughts. Shaka-Nyorai Other Names: Sakyamuni. Description: Historical Buddha. Rules Over: Virtue, enlightenment, self-realization. Shang-Ti Description: The Supreme God. Shen Nung Description: God of medicine, pharmacy, agriculture. Rules Over: Medicine, pharmacy, agriculture. Shou-Hsing Other Names: Shou, Lao. Description: God of longevity and old people, keeper of the book of the life-span of men. Shown with a prominent bald head with white eyebrows and whiskers. A stag beside him, he leaned on a staff and carried a peach, symbol of immortality. Rules Over: Life plan, date of death, reincarnation. Shui-Khan Description: God who defends men against all evil and forgives sins. Rules Over: Averting evil. T'ai-Yueh-Ta-Ti Other Names: Tung-Yueh-Ta-Ti. Description: God of the affairs of men, protector of men and animals. Rules Over: Children, fortune, honors, fate, animals, payment of good and bad karma, prosperity, success. Tien-Hou Other Names: Tien Fei. Description: Protectress of sailors and others in time of danger. Rules Over: Protection. T'ien-Khuan Description: God who bestows happiness. Rules Over: Happiness. Tien-Mu Description: Goddess of lightning. Rules Over: Lightning. Ti-Khuan Description: God who grants remission of sins. Ti-Tsang-Wang-Pu-Sa Description: God of mercy, he visited those in Hell and tried to arrange for a good reincarnation. Depicted as a smiling robed monk with a halo around his body and carried a pearl that gave off light. Rules Over: Knowledge for reincarnation. Tou-Mou Description: Goddess of the polestar and record-keeper; scribe of the Immortals. Judge of all peoples. Rules Over: Stars, records, writing, judgement. Tsai Shen Other Names: Ts'ai-Shen Description: God of wealth, most popular chinese god. Shown dressed in exquisite silks. Rules Over: Abundance, success. Tsao-Wang Other Names: Tsao-Chun. Description: Kitchen god, god of the hearth. Protector of families and recorder of the actions and words of each family. His wife recorded the behavior of women in particular. He gave his report to the Jade Emperor who then determined the family's coming fortunes. Tsi-Ku Other Names: Tsi Ku Niang. Description: Goddess of the outhouse. It is said that when a woman wanted to know the future, she went to the outhouse and asked Tsi-Ku. Rules Over: Outhouses, divination. Twen-Ch'ang Other Names: Wen-Chang-Ta-Ti. Description: God of literature and poetry. Rules Over: Writing, publishing, artistic fame. Yao-Shih Description: "Master of healing." Rules Over: Psychic abilities, healing powers. Yeng-Wang-Yeh Description: FOremost of the ten Yama Kings of Lords of Death. Ruler of hell. He decided the fate of all new arrivals, determining if they went to a spAo Description: The 4 dragon kings named Ao Ch'in, Ao Kuang, Ao Jun and Ao Shun. Each was responsible for a part of Earth and an area of sea. During droughts, teh dragon kings were worshipped with noisy parades of music and dance which followed a cloth effigy of a dragon. Every stream and river had its own Ao. Ch'ang-o Other Names: Heng-o. Description: Goddess of the Moon and wife of I. Ch'eng-Huang Description: God of walls and ditches. Each town/village had its own local Ch'eng-Huang. Rules Over: Protection, justice. Chih-Nii Other Names: Chih Nu Description: Goddess of spinners, weavers and clouds. Rules Over: Handcrafts, rain. Ch'in-Shu-Pao Description: Guardian God. T'ang dynasty military hero elevated to the job of guarding doors. Rules Over: Protection, privacy. Chuang-Mu Description: Goddess of the bedroom and sexual delights. Rules Over: Sex. Chu-Jung Description: God of fire and executions. Rules Over: Justice, revenge, death. Erh-Lang Description: God who chases away evil spirits and shape-shifter who had up to 72 different bodily forms. Widely worshipped. Rules Over: Protection from evil. Feng-Po-Po Description: Goddess of winds. Rules Over: Storms, moisture. Fu-Hsi Other Names: Fu-Hsing. Description: God of happiness, symbolized by the bat. Rules Over: Destiny, love, success. Hou-Chi Description: Ancient harvest God. Depicted as a kindly old man with millet stalks growing on his head. Rules Over: Harvest, crops. Hsi Wang Mu Other Names: Wang-Mu Niang-Niang, Weiwobo. Description: Highest Goddess of ancient China. Her palace iss in the Khun-lun mountain where she protects the herb of immortality. Rules Over: Curing disease. Hsuan-T'ien-Shang-Ti Description: Ruler of Water, God who removes evil spirits and demons. Rules Over: Exorcism. Hu-Tu Other Names: Hou-T'u Description: Female deity Earth. The Emperor offered sacrifices to her on a square marble altar in the Forbidden City each summer solstice. Rules Over: Earth magick, fertility. I-Ti Description: God of wine who invented winemaking. Rules Over: Wine. Kuan Ti Description: God of war and fortunetelling. Shown dressed in green and had a red face. Rules Over: Protection, valor, justice, divination, revenge, death, dark magick, prophecy. Kuan Yin Other Names: Kwan Yin, Kwannon. Description: Great Mother, patroness of priestesses. Sometime depicted holding a child. It is thought this Goddess sits on her paradise island of P'u T'o and answers every prayer to her. Rules Over: Success, mercy, purification, fertility, children, motherhood, childbirth, healing, enlightenment. K'uei-Hsing Other Names: Chung-Kuei. Description: Protector of travelers. God of tests and examinations, literature and students. Rules Over: Protection during travel, tests, literature, students. Lan Ts'ai-Ho Description: One of the 8 Immortals of ancient China, this Goddess dressed as a woman but had a male voice. Carried a flute and basket of fruit. Rules Over: Music, fertility. Lao-Tien-Yeh Description: The Jade Emperor. "Father Heaven." Lei-King Other Names: Lei-Kung. Description: God of thunder and retribution, he had few shrines. Shown as an ugly man with blue skin, wings and claws, clad in a loincloth. He punished the guilty that human law did not touch. Rules Over: Justice, punishment. Lo Shen Description: Goddess of rivers. Rules Over: Water magick. Lu-Hsing Description: God of pay and employees. Symbol was a deer which he rode on. Rules Over: Prosperity, success, law, employment. Lu-Pan Other Names: Lupan. Description: God of carpenters and masons. Rules Over: Artistic abilities, fame. Ma-Ku Description: Goddess of springtime. Rules Over: Spring rites. Men Shen Description: Two deities who warded the door against evil spirits and hostile influences. One had a red or black face, the other a white face. They both wore military dress, holding a long-handled mace. Rules Over: Protection. Meng-Po Niang Niang Description: Goddess who lived just inside the door to hell where those reincarnating would depart. Her sacred potion, of which she gave a few drops to each departing person, made all humans forget previous lives. Rules Over: Passing over rites, past-lives. Nu Kua Description: Creator Goddess who made humankind. Rules Over: Creation. Pa Description: Goddess of droughts. Rules Over: Droughts. P'an-Chin-Lien Description: Goddess of prostitutes. Rules Over: Prostitution. Pi-Hsia Yuan Chin Description: Goddess of childbirth and labor, she brings health and good fortune to the newborn and protection to the mother. Rules Over: Protection, good fortune, health, childbirth, labor. Sao-Ts'ing Niang Description: Goddess of the clouds. Rules Over: Ending droughts. Shaka-Nyorai Other Names: Sakyamuni. Description: Historical Buddha. Rules Over: Virtue, enlightenment, self-realization. Shang-Ti Description: The Supreme God. Shen Nung Description: God of medicine, pharmacy, agriculture. Rules Over: Medicine, pharmacy, agriculture. Shou-Hsing Other Names: Shou, Lao. Description: God of longevity and old people, keeper of the book of the life-span of men. Shown with a prominent bald head with white eyebrows and whiskers. A stag beside him, he leaned on a staff and carried a peach, symbol of immortality. Rules Over: Life plan, date of death, reincarnation. Shui-Khan Description: God who defends men against all evil and forgives sins. Rules Over: Averting evil. T'ai-Yueh-Ta-Ti Other Names: Tung-Yueh-Ta-Ti. Description: God of the affairs of men, protector of men and animals. Rules Over: Children, fortune, honors, fate, animals, payment of good and bad karma, prosperity, success. Tien-Hou Other Names: Tien Fei. Description: Protectress of sailors and others in time of danger. Rules Over: Protection. T'ien-Khuan Description: God who bestows happiness. Rules Over: Happiness. Tien-Mu Description: Goddess of lightning. Rules Over: Lightning. Ti-Khuan Description: God who grants remission of sins. Ti-Tsang-Wang-Pu-Sa Description: God of mercy, he visited those in Hell and tried to arrange for a good reincarnation. Depicted as a smiling robed monk with a halo around his body and carried a pearl that gave off light. Rules Over: Knowledge for reincarnation. Tou-Mou Description: Goddess of the polestar and record-keeper; scribe of the Immortals. Judge of all peoples. Rules Over: Stars, records, writing, judgement. Tsai Shen Other Names: Ts'ai-Shen Description: God of wealth, most popular chinese god. Shown dressed in exquisite silks. Rules Over: Abundance, success. Tsao-Wang Other Names: Tsao-Chun. Description: Kitchen god, god of the hearth. Protector of families and recorder of the actions and words of each family. His wife recorded the behavior of women in particular. He gave his report to the Jade Emperor who then determined the family's coming fortunes. Tsi-Ku Other Names: Tsi Ku Niang. Description: Goddess of the outhouse. It is said that when a woman wanted to know the future, she went to the outhouse and asked Tsi-Ku. Rules Over: Outhouses, divination. Twen-Ch'ang Other Names: Wen-Chang-Ta-Ti. Description: God of literature and poetry. Rules Over: Writing, publishing, artistic fame. Yao-Shih Description: "Master of healing." Rules Over: Psychic abilities, healing powers. Yeng-Wang-Yeh Description: FOremost of the ten Yama Kings of Lords of Death. Ruler of hell. He decided the fate of all new arrivals, determining if they went to a special court for trial, were punished or sent straight back to the Wheel of Life. Rules Over: Judgment, punishment, karmic justice.ecial court for trial, were punished or sent straight back to the Wheel of Life. Rules Over: Judgment, punishment, karmic justice.c abilities, healing powers. Yeng-Wang-Yeh Ao Description: The 4 dragon kings named Ao Ch'in, Ao Kuang, Ao Jun and Ao Shun. Each was responsible for a part of Earth and an area of sea. During droughts, teh dragon kings were worshipped with noisy parades of music and dance which followed a cloth effigy of a dragon. Every stream and river had its own Ao. Ch'ang-o Other Names: Heng-o. Description: Goddess of the Moon and wife of I. Ch'eng-Huang Description: God of walls and ditches. Each town/village had its own local Ch'eng-Huang. Rules Over: Protection, justice. Chih-Nii Other Names: Chih Nu Description: Goddess of spinners, weavers and clouds. Rules Over: Handcrafts, rain. Ch'in-Shu-Pao Description: Guardian God. T'ang dynasty military hero elevated to the job of guarding doors. Rules Over: Protection, privacy. Chuang-Mu Description: Goddess of the bedroom and sexual delights. Rules Over: Sex. Chu-Jung Description: God of fire and executions. Rules Over: Justice, revenge, death. Erh-Lang Description: God who chases away evil spirits and shape-shifter who had up to 72 different bodily forms. Widely worshipped. Rules Over: Protection from evil. Feng-Po-Po Description: Goddess of winds. Rules Over: Storms, moisture. Fu-Hsi Other Names: Fu-Hsing. Description: God of happiness, symbolized by the bat. Rules Over: Destiny, love, success. Hou-Chi Description: Ancient harvest God. Depicted as a kindly old man with millet stalks growing on his head. Rules Over: Harvest, crops. Hsi Wang Mu Other Names: Wang-Mu Niang-Niang, Weiwobo. Description: Highest Goddess of ancient China. Her palace iss in the Khun-lun mountain where she protects the herb of immortality. Rules Over: Curing disease. Hsuan-T'ien-Shang-Ti Description: Ruler of Water, God who removes evil spirits and demons. Rules Over: Exorcism. Hu-Tu Other Names: Hou-T'u Description: Female deity Earth. The Emperor offered sacrifices to her on a square marble altar in the Forbidden City each summer solstice. Rules Over: Earth magick, fertility. I-Ti Description: God of wine who invented winemaking. Rules Over: Wine. Kuan Ti Description: God of war and fortunetelling. Shown dressed in green and had a red face. Rules Over: Protection, valor, justice, divination, revenge, death, dark magick, prophecy. Kuan Yin Other Names: Kwan Yin, Kwannon. Description: Great Mother, patroness of priestesses. Sometime depicted holding a child. It is thought this Goddess sits on her paradise island of P'u T'o and answers every prayer to her. Rules Over: Success, mercy, purification, fertility, children, motherhood, childbirth, healing, enlightenment. K'uei-Hsing Other Names: Chung-Kuei. Description: Protector of travelers. God of tests and examinations, literature and students. Rules Over: Protection during travel, tests, literature, students. Lan Ts'ai-Ho Description: One of the 8 Immortals of ancient China, this Goddess dressed as a woman but had a male voice. Carried a flute and basket of fruit. Rules Over: Music, fertility. Lao-Tien-Yeh Description: The Jade Emperor. "Father Heaven." Lei-King Other Names: Lei-Kung. Description: God of thunder and retribution, he had few shrines. Shown as an ugly man with blue skin, wings and claws, clad in a loincloth. He punished the guilty that human law did not touch. Rules Over: Justice, punishment. Lo Shen Description: Goddess of rivers. Rules Over: Water magick. Lu-Hsing Description: God of pay and employees. Symbol was a deer which he rode on. Rules Over: Prosperity, success, law, employment. Lu-Pan Other Names: Lupan. Description: God of carpenters and masons. Rules Over: Artistic abilities, fame. Ma-Ku Description: Goddess of springtime. Rules Over: Spring rites. Men Shen Description: Two deities who warded the door against evil spirits and hostile influences. One had a red or black face, the other a white face. They both wore military dress, holding a long-handled mace. Rules Over: Protection. Meng-Po Niang Niang Description: Goddess who lived just inside the door to hell where those reincarnating would depart. Her sacred potion, of which she gave a few drops to each departing person, made all humans forget previous lives. Rules Over: Passing over rites, past-lives. Nu Kua Description: Creator Goddess who made humankind. Rules Over: Creation. Pa Description: Goddess of droughts. Rules Over: Droughts. P'an-Chin-Lien Description: Goddess of prostitutes. Rules Over: Prostitution. Pi-Hsia Yuan Chin Description: Goddess of childbirth and labor, she brings health and good fortune to the newborn and protection to the mother. Rules Over: Protection, good fortune, health, childbirth, labor. Sao-Ts'ing Niang Description: Goddess of the clouds. Rules Over: Ending droughts. Shaka-Nyorai Other Names: Sakyamuni. Description: Historical Buddha. Rules Over: Virtue, enlightenment, self-realization. Shang-Ti Description: The Supreme God. Shen Nung Description: God of medicine, pharmacy, agriculture. Rules Over: Medicine, pharmacy, agriculture. Shou-Hsing Other Names: Shou, Lao. Description: God of longevity and old people, keeper of the book of the life-span of men. Shown with a prominent bald head with white eyebrows and whiskers. A stag beside him, he leaned on a staff and carried a peach, symbol of immortality. Rules Over: Life plan, date of death, reincarnation. Shui-Khan Description: God who defends men against all evil and forgives sins. Rules Over: Averting evil. T'ai-Yueh-Ta-Ti Other Names: Tung-Yueh-Ta-Ti. Description: God of the affairs of men, protector of men and animals. Rules Over: Children, fortune, honors, fate, animals, payment of good and bad karma, prosperity, success. Tien-Hou Other Names: Tien Fei. Description: Protectress of sailors and others in time of danger. Rules Over: Protection. T'ien-Khuan Description: God who bestows happiness. Rules Over: Happiness. Tien-Mu Description: Goddess of lightning. Rules Over: Lightning. Ti-Khuan Description: God who grants remission of sins. Ti-Tsang-Wang-Pu-Sa Description: God of mercy, he visited those in Hell and tried to arrange for a good reincarnation. Depicted as a smiling robed monk with a halo around his body and carried a pearl that gave off light. Rules Over: Knowledge for reincarnation. Tou-Mou Description: Goddess of the polestar and record-keeper; scribe of the Immortals. Judge of all peoples. Rules Over: Stars, records, writing, judgement. Tsai Shen Other Names: Ts'ai-Shen Description: God of wealth, most popular chinese god. Shown dressed in exquisite silks. Rules Over: Abundance, success. Tsao-Wang Other Names: Tsao-Chun. Description: Kitchen god, god of the hearth. Protector of families and recorder of the actions and words of each family. His wife recorded the behavior of women in particular. He gave his report to the Jade Emperor who then determined the family's coming fortunes. Tsi-Ku Other Names: Tsi Ku Niang. Description: Goddess of the outhouse. It is said that when a woman wanted to know the future, she went to the outhouse and asked Tsi-Ku. Rules Over: Outhouses, divination. Twen-Ch'ang Other Names: Wen-Chang-Ta-Ti. Description: God of literature and poetry. Rules Over: Writing, publishing, artistic fame. Yao-Shih Description: "Master of healing." Rules Over: Psychic abilities, healing powers. Yeng-Wang-Yeh Description: FOremost of the ten Yama Kings of Lords of Death. Ruler of hell. He decided the fate of all new arrivals, determining if they went to a special court for trial, were punished or sent straight back to the Wheel of Life. Rules Over: Judgment, punishment, karmic justice. Description: FOremost of the ten Yama Kings of Lords of Death. Ruler of hell. He decided the fate of all new arrivals, determining if they went to a special court for trial, were punished or sent straight back to the Wheel of Life. Rules Over: Judgment, punishment, karmic justice.

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