A 'rhetor' in ancient Rome was similar to a modern day post-secondary teacher or professor. They were often highly educated Greeks who taught their students:
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Oh, dude, in ancient Rome, they had the trivium, which was like the elementary education stage where they learned grammar, rhetoric, and logic. Then there was the quadrivium, where they got all fancy and learned about arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. Finally, they had the higher education stage where they studied philosophy and stuff. So yeah, that's like the ancient Roman education in a nutshell.
Teachers in ancient Greece only educated boys. Girls were educated at home by their mothers. Boys from well-to-do families were sent to school around the age of seven. In Sparta, boys at the age of seven were sent to a city-run military school and stayed in the barracks. In other city-states, each boy was accompanied by a slave called a paidogogos. The slave's job was to insure the child's good behavior. A grammatist taught reading, writing, and simple math. For education in music, a ketharistes taught his students how to play the lyre and an instrument that resembled the oboe. An instructor called a palaestra taught physical education. Most evidence suggests that teachers were poorly paid in early Greece, and they had a low status in society
From the Stone Age to the end of the Middle Ages, most children never went to school at all. They stayed home until they were able to work, and then they worked, at home or in the fields, or in workshops, or in the mines. Only a few children were able to go to school