Archimedes
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Alexandria, Egypt.
The advances made during the Hellenistic periodÊin the fields of science, medicine, astronomy and engineering layed the foundation for all modern advances and technologies, so while there are many discoveries made since then, most have roots in the Hellenistic Age.
Those who worked in Egyptian gold mines
After much fighting between his generals who succeeded him, the three major parts were Macedonia, Egypt and Syria-Mesopotamia
After Alexander the Great's death, his generals established 'successor states' . Ptolemy I's Egypt, with Alexandria as capital was probably most important.