Why dynastic rule why is it important for rulers to persuade their subjects that their rule is lawful?

What are two rights every roman citizen were guaranteed?

Male Roman citizens enjoyed certain rights in addition to those which were also enjoyed by female Roman citizens: Jussuffragiorum, the right to vote in the Roman assemblies, Jus honorum, the right to stand for public office, Jus militiae, was the right of serving in the army, Jus paterfamilias, the rights of the head of the household (who was a male). Moreover, none but the whole Roman people could pass sentence on the life of a Roman citizen. However, this sentence by the Roman people was determined by the vote of the Assembly of the Soldiers, which was exclusively male.Rights enjoyed by both men and women were:Public rightsJus commercii: The right to make legal contracts and to hold property as a Roman citizenJus connubii: The right to have a lawful marriage with a Roman citizen.Jus migrationis: The right to preserve full citizenship on relocation to a colony of Roman status. This did not apply on relocation to a colony of lesser legal status. Citizenship was reduced to Latin citizenship of one moved a Latin colony, which conferred less rightsPrivate rights· The right to sue in the courts.· The right to have a legal trial and to defend oneself in court.· Citizens could appeal to the people against the actions taken by the officers of state (magistrates) and the person who appealed could not be punished, until the people determined the matter. This was chiefly secured with the assistance of the plebeian tribunes· The right of liberty comprised not only liberty from the power of masters, but also from the dominion of tyrants, the severity of magistrates, the cruelty of creditors, and the insolence of more powerful citizens.The Romans used tooth powders to clean and whiten teeth, strengthen the gums, fix loose teeth and as pain killers. They used a number of materials: bones, hoofs, and horns of some animals; crabs; egg-shells, and the shells of oysters and murex sea snails. They burned them and then ground them into a powder.

What were the social classes in Rome?

Prior to the extension of Roman citizenship to all the peoples in the empire by the emperor Vespasian, there were fourcategories of citizenship in the Roman Empire:The Cives Romani were freeborn Romans. Men enjoyed a wide range of privileges and protections of Roman law. Women had had a limited form of citizenship. They were not allowed to vote or stand for civil or public office. They had the right to own property, to engage in business, and divorce. There were two types of Cives Romani. The cives non optimo jure (or sine suffragio) had the rights of jus commercii and jus connubii (see below). The cives optimo jure, additionally had rights of jus suffragiorum and jus honorum (see below).The Latini originally were the citizens of the Latin League who came under the control of Rome in 348 BC. They were given a form of citizenship which gave Latin Rights (jus Latii): the rights of jus commercii and ius migrationis, but not the jus connubii., This was a legal definition, rather than ethnic one. Later all the italic peoples were given Roman citizenship.The Socii or Foederati (allies) were citizens of Italic peoples which had signed alliance treaties with Rome. The treaties gave them certain legal rights of Roman law in exchange for offering military service in auxiliary troops which supported the Roman legions.The Provinciales were the people outside Italy who had been conquered or were under Roman influence. They did not have the rights of the Socii. However, they had the rights of the jus gentium. The rights it conferred were considered to be held by all persons. They were based on the notion that the concept of justice sprung from the human mind rather than ethnicity and that they applied regardless of citizenship.The rights of Roman citizens were:Jus suffragiorum: The right to vote in the Roman assemblies. - Jus honorum: The right to stand for public office.- Jus commercii: The right to make legal contracts and to hold property as a Roman citizen.-Jus connubii: The right to have a lawful marriage with a Roman citizen and to have the legal rights of the paterfamilias (head of the family) - Jus migrationis: The right to preserve full citizenship on relocation to a colony of Roman status. This did not apply on relocation to a colony of lesser legal status. Citizenship was reduced to Latin citizenship of one moved a Latin colony, which conferred less rights.- The right to sue in the courts. - The right to have a legal trial and to defend yourself before a proper court. -The right to appeal the decisions of officers of state and to appeal the decisions of the lower court.A Roman citizen could not be tortured, whipped, or sentenced to death, unless guilty of treason. If accused of treason, a Roman citizen had the right to be tried in Rome, and, if sentenced to death, could be crucified. Roman citizenship was required to enlist in the Roman legions

How Easter all started?

This article is about the Christian festival. For other uses, see Easter (disambiguation).EasterDepiction of the resurrectionof Jesusby Bernhard Plockhorst, 19th century Type Christian, cultural Significance Celebrates the resurrection of Jesus 2012 date 15 April (Eastern)8 April (Western) 2013 date 5 May (Eastern)31 March (Western) 2014 date 20 April (Eastern)20 April (Western) Celebrations Church services, festive family meals, Easter egghunts and gift-giving Observances Prayer, all-night vigil, sunrise service Related to Passover, of which it is regarded the Christian equivalent; Septuagesima,Sexagesima, Quinquagesima,Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Clean Monday,Lent, Great Lent, Palm Sunday,Holy Week, Maundy Thursday,Good Friday, and Holy Saturdaywhich lead up to Easter; andThomas Sunday, Ascension,Pentecost, Trinity Sunday, andCorpus Christi which follow it.Easter[nb 1][nb 2] (Latin: Pascha; Greek Î Î¬Ï&fnof;Ï&Dagger;Î± Paskha, from Hebrew: ×¤Ö¶Ö¼×¡Ö·×—â€Ž Pesaá¸¥[1]) is a Christian festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection ofJesus Christ on the third day after his crucifixion at Calvary as described in the New Testament.[2][3]Easter is the culmination of the Passion of Christ, preceded by Lent, a forty-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance. The last week of Lent is called Holy Week, and it contains the days of the Easter Triduum, including Maundy Thursday (also known as Holy Thursday), commemorating the Last Supperand its preceding foot washing,[4][5]as well as Good Friday, commemorating the crucifixion and death of Jesus.[6]Easter is followed by a fifty-day period called Eastertide, or the Easter Season, ending with Pentecost Sunday.Easter is a moveable feast, meaning it is not fixed in relation to the civil calendar. The First Council of Nicaea (325) established the date of Easter as the first Sunday after the full moon(the Paschal Full Moon) following the March equinox.[7]Ecclesiastically, the equinox is reckoned to be on 21 March (even though the equinox occurs, astronomically speaking, on 20 March in most years), and the "Full Moon" is not necessarily the astronomically correct date. The date of Easter therefore varies between 22 March and 25 April. Eastern Christianity bases its calculations on theJulian calendar, whose 21 March corresponds, during the 21st century, to 3 April in the Gregorian calendar, in which the celebration of Easter therefore varies between 4 April and 8 May.Easter is linked to the Jewish Passover by much of its symbolism, as well as by its position in the calendar. In many languages, the words for "Easter" and "Passover" are etymologically related or homonymous.[8]Easter customs vary across the Christian world, but attending sunrise services, exclaiming the Paschal greeting, clipping the church[9]and decorating Easter eggs, a symbol of the empty tomb, are common motifs.[10][11][12]Additional customs include egg hunting, the Easter Bunny, and Easter parades, which are observed by both Christians and some non-Christians.[13][14][15][16]Main article: Names of EasterThe 2nd-century equivalent of Easter and the Paschal Triduum was called by both Greek and Latin writers Pascha, derived from the Hebrew termPesach (×¤Ö¶Ö¼×¡Ö·×—), known in English as Passover, the Jewish festival commemorating the story of the Exodus.[17][18]Paul writes from Ephesusthat "Christ our Pascha has been sacrificed for us," although the Ephesian Christians were not the first to hear that Exodus 12 spoke about the death of Jesus.[19]In most of the non-English speaking world, the feast today is known by the name Pascha and words derived from it.[1][20]The modern English term Easter, cognate with modern German Ostern, developed from the Old Englishword Ä’astre or Ä’ostre.[nb 3] This is generally held to have originally referred to the name of an Anglo-Saxon goddess, Ä’ostre, a form of the widely attested Indo-Europeandawn goddess.[nb 4] The evidence for the Anglo-Saxon goddess, however, has not been universally accepted, and some have proposed that Eostre may have meant "the month of opening" or that the name Easter may have arisen from the designation of Easter Week in Latin as in albis.[24][25]Theological significanceA stained glass window depicting thePassover Lamb, a concept integral to the foundation of Easter[20][26]The New Testamentteaches that the resurrection of Jesus, which Easter celebrates, is a foundation of the Christian faith.[27]The resurrection established Jesus as the powerful Son of God[28]and is cited as proof that God will judge the world in righteousness.[29][30]God has given Christians "a new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead".[31]Christians, through faith in the working of God are spiritually resurrected with Jesus so that they may walk in a new way of life.[30][32]Easter is linked to the Passover and Exodus from Egypt recorded in the Old Testament through the Last Supper and crucifixionthat preceded the resurrection.[20]According to the New Testament, Jesus gave the Passover meal a new meaning, as he prepared himself and his disciples for his death in the upper room during the Last Supper.[20]He identified the matzah and cup of wine as his body soon to be sacrificed and his bloodsoon to be shed.Paul states, "Get rid of the old yeast that you may be a new batch without yeast-as you really are. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed";[33]this refers to the Passover requirement to have no yeast in the house and to the allegory of Jesus as the Paschal lamb.[34]One interpretation of the Gospel of John is that Jesus, as the Passover lamb, was crucified at roughly the same time as the Passover lambs were being slain in the temple, on the afternoon of Nisan 14.[35]The scriptural instructions specify that the lamb is to be slain "between the two evenings", that is, at twilight. By the Roman period, however, the sacrifices were performed in the mid-afternoon. Josephus, Jewish War 6.10.1/423 ("They sacrifice from the ninth to the eleventh hour"). Philo, Special Laws 2.27/145 ("Many myriads of victims from noon till eventide are offered by the whole people"). This interpretation, however, is inconsistent with the chronology in the Synoptic Gospels. It assumes that text literally translated "the preparation of the passover" in John 19:14 refers to Nisan 14 (Preparation Day for the Passover) and not necessarily to Yom Shishi(Friday, Preparation Day for the Passover week Sabbath)[36]and that the priests' desire to be ritually pure in order to "eat the passover"[37]refers to eating the Passover lamb, not to the public offerings made during the days of Unleavened Bread.[38]In the Early ChurchThe first Christians, Jewish and Gentile, were certainly aware of the Hebrew calendar,[nb 5] but there is no direct evidence that they celebrated any specifically Christian annual festivals.[39]Christians of Jewish origin were the first to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus. Since the date of the resurrection was close the timing of Passover, they likely celebrated the resurrection as a new facet of the Passover festival.[17]Direct evidence for the Easter festival begins to appear in the mid-2nd century. Perhaps the earliest extant primary source referencing Easter is a mid-2nd-century Paschal homilyattributed toMelito of Sardis, which characterizes the celebration as a well-established one.[39]Evidence for another kind of annual Christian festival, the commemoration of martyrs, begins to appear at about the same time as evidence for the celebration of Easter.[40]But while martyrs' days (usually the individual dates of martyrdom) were celebrated on fixed dates in the local solar calendar, the date of Easter was fixed by means of the local Jewish lunisolarcalendar. This is consistent with the celebration of Easter having entered Christianity during its earliest, Jewish period, but does not leave the question free of doubt.[41]The ecclesiastical historian Socrates Scholasticus attributes the observance of Easter by the church to the perpetuation of its custom, "just as many other customs have been established," stating that neither Jesus nor his Apostlesenjoined the keeping of this or any other festival. Although he describes the details of the Easter celebration as deriving from local custom, he insists the feast itself is universally observed.[42]DateEaster and the holidays that are related to it are moveable feasts, in that they do not fall on a fixed date in the Gregorian or Juliancalendars (both of which follow the cycle of the sun and the seasons). Instead, the date for Easter is determined on a lunisolar calendar similar to the Hebrew calendar. The First Council of Nicaea (325) established the date of Easter as the first Sunday after the full moon (the Paschal Full Moon) following the March equinox. Ecclesiastically, the equinox is reckoned to be on 21 March (even though the equinox occurs, astronomically speaking, on 20 March in most years), and the "full moon" is not necessarily the astronomically correct date.In Western Christianity, using the Gregorian calendar, Easter always falls on a Sunday between March 22 and April 25 inclusive, within about seven days after the astronomical full moon.[43]The following day, Easter Monday, is a legal holidayin many countries with predominantly Christian traditions.Eastern Christianity bases its calculations on the Julian Calendar. Because of the 13-day difference between the calendars between 1900 and 2099, 21 March corresponds, during the 21st century, to 3 April in the Gregorian Calendar. Easter therefore varies between 4 April and 8 May on the Gregorian calendar (the Julian calendar is no longer used as the civil calendar of the countries where Eastern Christian traditions predominate). Also, because the Julian "full moon" is always several days after the astronomical full moon, the eastern Easter is often later, relative to the visible moon's phases, than western Easter.Among the Oriental Orthodox some churches have changed from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar and the date for Easter as for other fixed and moveable feasts is the same as in the Western church.[44]ComputationsMain article: ComputusIn 725, Bedesuccinctly wrote, "The Sunday following the full Moon which falls on or after the equinox will give the lawful Easter."[45]However, this does not reflect the actual ecclesiastical rules precisely. One reason for this is that the full moon involved (called the Paschal full moon) is not an astronomical full moon, but the 14th day of a calendar lunar month. Another difference is that the astronomical equinox is a natural astronomical phenomenon, which can fall on 19, 20 March, or 21, while the ecclesiastical date is fixed by convention on 21 March.[46]In applying the ecclesiastical rules, Christian churches use 21 March as the starting point in determining the date of Easter, from which they find the next full moon, etc. The Eastern Orthodoxand Oriental Orthodox Churches continue to use the Julian calendar. Their starting point in determining the date of Orthodox Easter is also 21 March, but according to the Julian reckoning, which currently corresponds to 3 April in the Gregorian calendar. In addition, the lunar tables of the Julian calendar are four days (sometimes five days) behind those of the Gregorian calendar. The 14th day of the lunar month according to the Gregorian system is only the 9th or 10th day according to the Julian. The result of this combination of solar and lunar discrepancies is divergence in the date of Easter in most years (see table).Easter is determined on the basis of lunisolarcycles. The lunar year consists of 30-day and 29-day lunar months, generally alternating, with an embolismic month added periodically to bring the lunar cycle into line with the solar cycle. In each solar year (1 January to 31 December inclusive), the lunar month beginning with an ecclesiastical new moon falling in the 29-day period from 8 March to 5 April inclusive is designated as the paschal lunar month for that year. Easter is the third Sunday in the paschal lunar month, or, in other words, the Sunday after the paschal lunar month's 14th day. The 14th of the paschal lunar month is designated by convention as the Paschal full moon, although the 14th of the lunar month may differ from the date of the astronomical full moon by up to two days.[47]Since the ecclesiastical new moon falls on a date from 8 March to 5 April inclusive, the paschal full moon (the 14th of that lunar month) must fall on a date from 21 March to 18 April inclusive.The Gregorian calculation of Easter was based on a method devised by the Calabriandoctor Aloysius Lilius (or Lilio) for adjusting the epacts of the moon,[48]and has been adopted by almost all Western Christians and by Western countries who celebrate national holidays at Easter. For the British Empire and colonies, a determination of the date of Easter Sunday using Golden Numbersand Sunday letters was defined by the Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 with its Annexe. This was designed to exactly match the Gregorian calculation.ControversiesOrthodoxicon of theResurrection of Jesus.Main article: Easter controversyThe precise date of Easter has at times been a matter for contention. By the later 2nd century, it was accepted that the celebration of the holiday was a practice of the disciples and an undisputed tradition. The Quartodecimancontroversy, the first of several Easter controversies, then arose concerning the date on which the holiday should be celebrated.The term "Quartodeciman" refers to the practice of celebrating Easter on Nisan 14 of the Hebrew calendar, "the LORD's passover" (Leviticus 23:5). According to the church historian Eusebius, the Quartodeciman Polycarp(bishop of Smyrna, by tradition a disciple of John the Evangelist) debated the question with Anicetus(bishop of Rome). The Roman province of Asia was Quartodeciman, while the Roman and Alexandrian churches continued the fast until the Sunday following (the Sunday of Unleavened Bread), wishing to associate Easter with Sunday. Neither Polycarp nor Anicetus persuaded the other, but they did not consider the matter schismaticeither, parting in peace and leaving the question unsettled.Controversy arose when Victor, bishop of Rome a generation after Anicetus, attempted to excommunicate Polycrates of Ephesus and all other bishops of Asia for their Quartodecimanism. According to Eusebius, a number of synods were convened to deal with the controversy, which he regarded as all ruling in support of Easter on Sunday.[49]Polycrates (circa 190), however, wrote to Victor defending the antiquity of Asian Quartodecimanism. Victor's attempted excommunication was apparently rescinded and the two sides reconciled upon the intervention of bishop Irenaeus and others, who reminded Victor of the tolerant precedent of Anicetus.Quartodecimanism seems to have lingered into the 4th century, when Socrates of Constantinople recorded that some Quartodecimans were deprived of their churches by John Chrysostom[50]and that some were harassed by Nestorius.[51]It is not known how long the Nisan 14 practice continued. But both those who followed the Nisan 14 custom, and those who set Easter to the following Sunday had in common the custom of consulting their Jewish neighbors to learn when the month of Nisan would fall, and setting their festival accordingly. By the later 3rd century, however, some Christians began to express dissatisfaction with the custom of relying on the Jewish community to determine the date of Easter. The chief complaint was that the Jewish communities sometimes erred in setting Passover to fall before the Northern Hemisphere spring equinox.[52][53]The Sardica paschal table[54]confirms these complaints, for it indicates that the Jews of some eastern Mediterranean city (possiblyAntioch) fixed Nisan 14 on dates well before the spring equinox on multiple occasions.[55]Because of this dissatisfaction with reliance on the Jewish calendar, some Christians began to experiment with independent computations.[nb 6] Others, however, felt that the customary practice of consulting Jews should continue, even if the Jewish computations were in error.This controversy between those who advocated independent computations, and those who wished to continue the custom of relying on the Jewish calendar, was formally resolved by the First Council of Nicaea in 325, which endorsed the move to independent computations, effectively requiring the abandonment of the old custom of consulting the Jewish community in those places where it was still used. Epiphanius of Salamis wrote in the mid-4th century:... the emperor ... convened a council of 318 bishops ... in the city of Nicea ... They passed certain ecclesiastical canons at the council besides, and at the same time decreed in regard to the Passover that there must be one unanimous concord on the celebration of God's holy and supremely excellent day. For it was variously observed by people ...[58]That the older custom (called "protopaschite" by historians) did not at once die out, but persisted for a time, is indicated by the existence of canons[59]and sermons[60]against it.Some scholars have concluded that no detailed method of determining the date of Easter was specified by the Council.[61]In any case, in the years following the council, the computational system that was worked out by the church of Alexandria came to be normative. It took a while for the Alexandrian rules to be adopted throughout Christian Europe, however. The Church of Rome continued to use an 84-year lunisolar calendar cycle from the late 3rd century until 457. It then switched to an adaptation by Victorius of Aquitaine of the Alexandrian rules. Because this Victorian cycle differed from the Alexandrian cycle in the dates of some of the Paschal Full Moons, and because it tried to respect the Roman custom of fixing Easter to the Sunday in the week of the 16th to the 22nd of the lunar month (rather than the 15th to the 21st as at Alexandria), by providing alternative "Latin" and "Greek" dates in some years, occasional disagreements from the date of Easter as fixed by Alexandrian rules continued.[62][63]The Alexandrian rules were adopted in their entirety in the 6th century. From this time, therefore, all disputes between Alexandria and Rome as to the correct date for Easter cease, as both churches were using identical tables.Early Christians in Britain and Ireland also used an 84-year cycle. From the 5th century onward this cycle set its equinox to 25 March and fixed Easter to the Sunday falling in the 14th to the 20th of the lunar month inclusive.[64][65]This 84-year cycle was replaced by the Alexandrian method in the course of the 7th and 8th centuries. Churches in western continental Europe used a late Roman method until the late 8th century during the reign of Charlemagne, when they finally adopted the Alexandrian method. Since 1582, when the Catholic Church adopted the Gregorian calendar while the Eastern Orthodox and most Oriental Orthodox Churches retained the Julian calendar, the date on which Easter is celebrated has again differed.The Greek island of Syros, whose population is divided almost equally between Catholics and Orthodox, is one of the few places where the two Churches share a common date for Easter, with the Catholics accepting the Orthodox date - a practice helping considerably in maintaining good relations between the two communities.[66]Reform of the dateSee also: Reform of the date of EasterThe congregation lighting their candles from the new flame, just as the priest has retrieved it from the altar-note that the picture is flash-illuminated; all electric lighting is off, and only the oil lamps in front of theIconostasisremain lit. (St. George Greek Orthodox Church, Adelaide)In the 20th century, some individuals and institutions have propounded a fixed date for Easter, the most prominent proposal being the Sunday after the second Saturday in April. Despite having some support, proposals to reform the date have not been implemented.[25]An Orthodox congress of Eastern Orthodox bishops, which included representatives mostly from the Patriarch of Constantinople and the Patriarch of Serbia, met in Constantinople in 1923, where the bishops agreed to the Revised Julian calendar.[67]The original form of this calendar would have determined Easter using precise astronomical calculations based on the meridian of Jerusalem.[68][69]However, all the Eastern Orthodox countries that subsequently adopted the Revised Julian calendar adopted only that part of the revised calendar that applied to festivals falling on fixed dates in the Julian calendar. The revised Easter computation that had been part of the original 1923 agreement was never permanently implemented in any Orthodox diocese.[67]In the United Kingdom, the Easter Act 1928 set out legislation to allow the date of Easter to be fixed as the first Sunday after the second Saturday in April (or, in other words, the Sunday in the period from 9 to 15 April). However, the legislation has not been implemented, although it remains on the Statute book and could be implemented subject to approval by the various Christian churches.[70]At a summit in Aleppo, Syria, in 1997, the World Council of Churches (WCC) proposed a reform in the calculation of Easter which would have replaced the present divergent practices of calculating Easter with modern scientific knowledge taking into account actual astronomical instances of the spring equinox and full moon based on the meridian of Jerusalem, while also following the Council of Nicea position of Easter being on the Sunday following the full moon.[71]The recommended World Council of Churches changes would have sidestepped the calendar issues and eliminated the difference in date between the Eastern and Western churches. The reform was proposed for implementation starting in 2001, but it was not ultimately adopted by any member body.Table of the dates of EasterThe WCC presented comparative data of the relationships:Table of dates of Easter 2001-2021(In Gregorian dates) Year SpringFull Moon AstronomicalEaster GregorianEaster JulianEaster JewishPassover 2001 8 April 15 April 15 April 15 April 8 April 2002 28 March 31 March 31 March 5 May 28 March 2003 16 April 20 April 20 April 27 April 17 April 2004 5 April 11 April 11 April 11 April 6 April 2005 25 March 27 March 27 March 1 May 24 April 2006 13 April 16 April 16 April 23 April 13 April 2007 2 April 8 April 8 April 8 April 3 April 2008 21 March 23 March 23 March 27 April 20 April 2009 9 April 12 April 12 April 19 April 9 April 2010 30 March 4 April 4 April 4 April 30 March 2011 18 April 24 April 24 April 24 April 19 April 2012 6 April 8 April 8 April 15 April 7 April 2013 27 March 31 March 31 March 5 May 26 March 2014 15 April 20 April 20 April 20 April 15 April 2015 4 April 5 April 5 April 12 April 4 April 2016 23 March 27 March 27 March 1 May 23 April 2017 11 April 16 April 16 April 16 April 11 April 2018 31 March 1 April 1 April 8 April 31 March 2019 21 March 24 March 21 April 28 April 20 April 2020 8 April 12 April 12 April 19 April 9 April 2021 28 March 4 April 4 April 2 May 28 March Notes: 1. Astronomical Easter is the first Sunday after the Astronomical full moon, referred to the meridian of Jerusalem

Greek gods and religion?

Ancient Greek name English name Description Ἀφροδίτη (Aphroditē) Aphrodite The goddess of love, beauty and desire. Although married to Hephaestusshe had many lovers, most notably Ares. She was depicted as a beautiful woman. Her symbols include the rose, scallopshell, pomegranate, and myrtlewreath. Her sacred animal is the dove. Ἀπόλλων (Apóllōn) Apollo The god of music, healing, plague, the sun, prophecies, poetry, and archery; associated with light, truth and the sun. He is Artemis' twin brother and Hermes' elder (half)brother, and son of Zeusand Leto. He was depicted as a handsome, beardless youth with long hair and various attributes including a laurelwreath, bow and quiver, raven, and lyre. Animals sacred to Apollo include: roe deer, swans, cicadas, hawks, ravens, crows, foxes, and snakes. Ἄρη&sigmaf; (Árēs) Ares The god of war, bloodlust, violence, manly courage, and civil order. The son of Zeusand Hera, he was depicted as either a mature, bearded warrior dressed in battle arms, or a nude beardless youth with helm and spear. His attributes are golden armour and a bronze-tipped spear. His sacred animals are the vulture, venomous snakes, alligators, dogs, and boars. Ἄρτεμι&sigmaf; (Ártemis) ArtemisVirgin goddess of the hunt, wilderness, animals, young girls, childbirth and plague. In later times she became associated with the moon. She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and twin sister ofApollo. In art she was usually depicted as a young woman dressed in a short knee-length chitonand equipped with a hunting bow and a quiver of arrows. In addition to the bow, her attributes include hunting spears, animal pelts, deer and other wild animals. Her sacred animals are deer, bears, and wild boars. Ἀθηνᾶ (Athēnâ) Athena The goddess of wisdom, warfare, battle strategy, heroic endeavour, handicrafts and reason. According to most traditions, she was born from Zeus's head fully formed and armored. She was depicted crowned with a crested helm, armed with shield and a spear. Her symbol is the olivetree. She is commonly shown accompanied by her sacred animal, the owl. Δημήτηρ (Dēmētēr) Demeter The goddess of agriculture, horticulture, grain and harvest. Demeter is a daughter of CronusandRhea and sister of Zeus, by whom she bore Persephone. She was depicted as a mature woman, often crowned and holding sheafs of wheat and a torch. Her symbols are the Cornucopia(horn of plenty), wheat-ears, the winged serpent and the lotus staff. Her sacred animals are pigs and snakes. Διόνυσο&sigmaf; (Diónysos) Dionysus The god of wine, parties and festivals, madness, chaos, drunkenness and pleasure at forever young. He was depicted in art as either an older bearded god or a pretty effeminate, long-haired youth. His attributes include the thyrsus (a pinecone-tipped staff), drinking cup, grape vine, and a crown of ivy. Animals sacred to him include dolphins, serpents, tigers, and donkeys. A later addition to the Olympians, in some accounts he replaced Hestia. ᾍδη&sigmaf; (Hádēs) Hades King of the Underworld and god of the dead and the hidden wealth of the Earth. His consort isPersephoneand his attributes are the key of Hades, the Helm of Darkness, and the three-headed dog, Cerberus. The screech owl was sacred to him. Despite being the son of Cronus and Rhea and the elder brother of Zeus, as a chthonic god he is only rarely listed among the Olympians. The name Pluto became more common in the Classical period with the mystery religions and Athenian literature. He did not have a throne in Olympus, but is still very known for being one of the three sons of Cronus. Ἥφαιστο&sigmaf; (Hḗphaistos) HephaestusCrippled god of fire, metalworking, stonemasonry, sculpture and volcanism. The son of Herabyparthenogenesis, he is the smith of the gods and the husband of the adulterous Aphrodite. He was usually depicted as a bearded man holding hammer and tongs-the tools of a smith-and riding a donkey. His symbols are the hammer, tongs, and anvil. His sacred animals are the donkey, the guard dog and the crane. Ἥρα (Hḗra) Hera Queen of marriage, women, childbirth, heirs, kings and empires. She is the wife of Zeus and daughter of Cronus and Rhea. She was usually depicted as a beautiful woman wearing a crown and veil and holding a royal, lotus-tipped staff. Her sacred animals are the heifer, the lion, the peacock, and the cuckoo. Ἑρμῆ&sigmaf; (Hērmēs) Hermes The god of travel, messengers, trade, thievery, cunning wiles, language, writing, diplomacy, athletics, and animal husbandry. He is the messenger of the gods, a psychopompwho leads the souls of the dead into Hades' realm, and the son of Zeus and Maia. He was depicted either as a handsome and athletic beardless youth, or as an older bearded man. His attributes include the herald's wand or caduceus, winged sandals, and a traveler's cap. His sacred animals are the tortoise, the ram, and the hawk. Ἑστία (Hestía) Hestia Virgin goddess of the hearth, home and cooking. She is a daughter of Rhea and Cronus and sister of Zeus. She was depicted as a modestly veiled woman, whose symbols are the hearth and kettle. In some accounts, she gave up her seat as one of the Twelve Olympians in favor of Dionysus. Ποσειδῶν (Poseidōn) Poseidon The god of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts, earthquakes, and the creator of horses; known as the "Earth Shaker". He is a son of Cronus and Rhea and brother to Zeusand Hades. In classical artwork, he was depicted as a mature man of sturdy build with a dark beard, and holding a trident. The horse and the dolphin are sacred to him. Ζεύ&sigmaf; (Zeus) Zeus The king of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus and the god of the sky, weather, thunder, lightning, law, order, and fate. He is the youngest son of Cronus and Rhea, whom he overthrew after Cronusswallowed his brothers and sisters and he is brother-husband to Hera. In artwork, he was depicted as a regal, mature man with a sturdy figure and dark beard. His usual attributes are the royal scepter and the lightning bolt, and his sacred animals are the eagle and the bull.Primordial deitiesAncient Greek name English name Description Αἰθήρ (Aithḗr) Aether The god of the upper air and light. Ἀνάγκη (Anánkē) Ananke The goddess of inevitability, compulsion, and necessity. Ἔρεβο&sigmaf; (Érebos) Erebos or Erebus The god of darkness and shadow. Γαῖα (Gaîa) Gaia or Gaea or Ge Personification of the Earth (Mother Earth); mother of the Titans. Ἡμέρα (Hēméra) HemeraGoddess of daylight. Χάο&sigmaf; (Cháos) Chaos The nothingness from which all else sprang. Χρόνο&sigmaf; (Chrónos) ChronosThe god of time. Not to be confused with the TitanCronus, the father of Zeus. Nῆσοι (Nē̂soi) The Nesoi The goddesses of the islands. Νύξ (Nýx) Nyx or Night The goddess of night. Οὐρανό&sigmaf; (Ouranós) Uranus The god of the heavens (Father Sky); father of the Titans. Οὔρεα (Oúrea) The Ourea The gods of mountains. Φάνη&sigmaf; (Phánēs) Phanes The god of procreation in the Orphic tradition. Πόντο&sigmaf; (Póntos) Pontus The god of the sea, father of the fish and other sea creatures. Τάρταρο&sigmaf; (Tártaros) Tartarus The darkest, deepest part of the underworld. Θάλασσα (Thálassa) ThalassaSpirit of the sea and consort of Pontos. TitansGreek name English name Description The Twelve TitansὙπερίων (Hyperíōn) HyperionTitan of light. With Theia, he is the father of Helios (the sun), Selene(the moon) and Eos (the dawn). Ἰαπετό&sigmaf; (Iapetós) Iapetus Titan of mortality and father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, Menoetius and Atlas. Κοῖο&sigmaf; (Koîos) Coeus Titan of intellect and the axis of heaven around which the constellations revolved. Κρεῖο&sigmaf; (Kreîos) Crius The least individualized of the Twelve Titans, he is the father of Astraios, Pallas and Perses. Κρόνο&sigmaf; (Crónos) Cronus The leader of the Titans, who overthrew his father Uranus only to be overthrown in turn by his son, Zeus. Not to be confused with Chronos, the god of time. Mνημοσύνη (Mnēmosýnē) MnemosyneTitan of memory and remembrance, and mother of the Nine Muses. Ὠκεανό&sigmaf; (Ōceanós) Oceanus Titan of the all-encircling river Oceanus around the earth, the font of all the Earth's fresh-water. Φοίβη (Phoíbē) Phoebe Titan of the "bright" intellect and prophecy, and consort of Koios. Ῥέα (Rhéa) Rhea Titan of female fertility, motherhood, and generation. She is the sister and consort of Cronus, and mother of Zeus, Hades, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter and Hestia. Τηθύ&sigmaf; (Tēthýs) Tethys Wife of Oceanus, and the mother of the rivers, springs, streams, fountains and clouds. Θεία (Theía) Theia Titan of sight and the shining light of the clear blue sky. She is the consort of Hyperion, and mother of Helios, Selene and Eos. Θέμι&sigmaf; (Thémis) Themis Titan of divine law and order. Other Titans Ἀστερία (Astería) Asteria Titan of nocturnal oracles and falling stars. Ἀστραῖο&sigmaf; (Astraîos) AstraeusTitan of stars and planets, and the art of astrology. Ἄτλα&sigmaf; (Átlas) Atlas Titan forced to carry the sky upon his shoulders. Also Son of Iapetus. Αὔρα (Aúra) Aura Titan of the breeze and the fresh, cool air of early morning. Διώνη (Diṓnē) Dione Titan of the oracle of Dodona. Ἠώ&sigmaf; (Ēṓs) Eos Titan of the dawn. Ἐπιμηθεύ&sigmaf; (Epimētheús) EpimetheusTitan of afterthought and the father of excuses. Εὐρυβία (Eurybía) Eurybia Titan of the mastery of the seas and consort of Krios. Εὐρυνόμη (Eurynómē) EurynomeTitan of water-meadows and pasturelands, and mother of the three Charites by Zeus. Ἥλιο&sigmaf; (Hḗlios) Helios Titan of the sun and guardian of oaths. Κλυμένη (Clyménē) Clymene or Asia Titan of renown, fame and infamy, and wife of Iapetos. Λήλαντο&sigmaf; (Lēlantos) LelantosTitan of air and the hunter's skill of stalking prey. He is the male counterpart of Leto. Λητώ (Lētṓ) Leto Titan of motherhood and mother of Artemis and Apollo. Μενοίτιο&sigmaf; (Menoítios) MenoetiusTitan of violent anger, rash action, and human mortality. Killed by Zeus. Μῆτι&sigmaf; (Mē̂tis) Metis Titan of good counsel, advice, planning, cunning, craftiness and wisdom, and mother of Athena. Ὀφίων (Ophíōn) Ophion An elder Titan, in some versions of the myth he ruled the Earth with his consort Eurynome before Cronus overthrew him. Πάλλα&sigmaf; (Pállas) Pallas Titan of warcraft. He was killed by Athena during the Titanomachy. Πέρση&sigmaf; (Pérsēs) Perses Titan of destruction and peace. Προμηθεύ&sigmaf; (Promētheús) PrometheusTitan of forethought and crafty counsel, and creator of mankind. Σελήνη (Selḗnē) Selene Titan of the moon. Στύξ (Stýx) Styx Titan of the Underworld river Styx and personification of hatred. Gigantes(giants)The Hekatoncheires(Ἑκατόγχειρε&sigmaf;), or Centimanes (Latin), the Hundred-Handed Ones, giant gods of violent storms and hurricanes. Three sons of Uranus and Gaea, each with their own distinct characters.[1]Briareus or Aigaion (Βριάρεω&sigmaf;), The VigorousCottus (Κόττο&sigmaf;), The FuriousGyges (Γύγη&sigmaf;), The Big-LimbedAgrius(Ἄγριο&sigmaf;), a man-eating Thracian giant who was half-man and half-bearAlcyoneus(Ἀλκυονεύ&sigmaf;), the king of the Thracian giants, who was slain by HeraclesAloadae(Ἀλῳάδαι), twin giants who attempted to storm heaven Otos (Ότο&sigmaf;)Ephialtes (Εφιάλτη&sigmaf;)Antaeus(Ἀνταῖο&sigmaf;), a Libyan giant who wrestled all visitors to the death until he was slain by HeraclesArgus Panoptes (Ἄργο&sigmaf; Πανόπτη&sigmaf;), a hundred-eyed giant tasked with guarding over IoCyclopes(Elder), three one-eyed giants who forged the lightning-bolts of Zeus Arges (Ἄργη&sigmaf;)Brontes (Βρόντη&sigmaf;)Steropes (Στερόπη&sigmaf;)Cyclopes(Younger), a tribe of one-eyed, man-eating giants who shepherded flocks of sheep on the island of Sicily Polyphemus(Πολύφημο&sigmaf;), a cyclops who briefly captured Odysseus and his men, only to be overcome and blinded by the heroEnceladus(Ἐγκέλαδο&sigmaf;), one of the Thracian giants who made war on the godsThe Gegenees(Γηγενέε&sigmaf;), a tribe of six-armed giants fought by the Argonauts on Bear Mountain in MysiaGeryon(Γηρυών), a three-bodied, four-winged giant who dwelt on the red island of ErytheiaThe Laestrygonians(Λαιστρυγόνε&sigmaf;), a tribe of man-eating giants encountered by Odysseus on his travelsOrion(Ὠρίων), a giant huntsman whom Zeus placed among the stars as the constellation of OrionPorphyrion(Πορφυρίων), the king of the Gigantes who was struck down by Heracles and Zeus with arrows and lightning-bolts after he attempted to rape HeraTalos(Τάλω&sigmaf;), a giant forged from bronze by Hephaestus, and gifted by Zeus to his lover Europa as her personal protectorTityos(Τίτυο&sigmaf;), a giant slain by Apollo and Artemis when he attempted to violate their mother Leto.Typhon(Τυφῶν), a monstrous immortal storm-giant who was defeated and imprisoned in the pits of TartarusPersonified conceptsAchlys(Ἀχλύ&sigmaf;), spirit of the death-mistAdephagia(Ἀδηφαγία), spirit of satiety and gluttonyAdikia(Ἀδικία), spirit of injustice and wrong-doingAergia(Ἀεργία), spirit of idleness, laziness, indolence and slothAgon (Ἀγών), spirit of contest, who possessed an altar at Olympia, site of the Olympic Games.Aidos(Αἰδώ&sigmaf;), spirit of modesty, reverence and respectAisa (Αἴσα), personification of lot and fateAlala(Ἀλαλά), spirit of the war cryAlastor(Ἀλάστωρ), spirit of blood feuds and vengeanceAletheia(Ἀλήθεια), spirit of truth, truthfulness and sincerityThe Algea(Ἄλγεα), spirits of pain and suffering Achos (Ἄχο&sigmaf;) "trouble, distress"Ania (Ἀνία) "ache, anguish"Lupe (Λύπη) "pain, grief, sadness"Alke (Ἀλκή), spirit of prowess and courageAmechania(Ἀμηχανία), spirit of helplessness and want of meansThe Amphilogiai(Ἀμφιλογίαι), spirits of disputes, debate and contentionAnaideia(Ἀναίδεια), spirit of ruthlessness, shamelessness, and unforgivingnessThe Androktasiai(Ἀνδροκτασίαι), spirits of battlefield slaughterAngelia(Ἀγγελία), spirit of messages, tidings and proclamationsApate(Ἀπάτη), spirit of deceit, guile, fraud and deceptionApheleia(Ἀφέλεια), spirit of simplicityAporia(Ἀπορία), spirit of difficulty, perplexity, powerlessness and want of meansThe Arae (Ἀραί), spirits of cursesArete(Ἀρετή), spirit of virtue, excellence, goodness and valourAtë (Ἄτη), spirit of delusion, infatuation, blind folly, recklessness and ruinBia (Βία), spirit of force, power, bodily strength and compulsionCaerus(Καιρό&sigmaf;), spirit of opportunityCorus(Κόρο&sigmaf;), spirit of surfeitDeimos(Δεῖμο&sigmaf;), spirit of fear, dread and terrorDikaiosyne(Δικαιοσύνη), spirit of justice and righteousnessDike (Δίκη), spirit of justice, fair judgements and the rights established by custom and lawDolos(Δόλο&sigmaf;), spirit of trickery, cunning deception, craftiness, treachery and guileDysnomia(Δυσνομία), spirit of lawlessness and poor civil constitutionDyssebeia(Δυσσέβεια), spirit of impietyEirene(Εἰρήνη), goddess of peaceEkecheiria(Ἐκεχειρία), spirit of truce, armistice, and the cessation of all hostilities; honoured at the Olympic GamesEleos(Ἔλεο&sigmaf;), spirit of mercy, pity and compassionElpis(Ἐλπί&sigmaf;), spirit of hope and expectationEpiphron(Ἐπίφρων), spirit of prudence, shrewdness, thoughtfulness, carefulness and sagacityEris (Ἔρι&sigmaf;), spirit of strife, discord, contention and rivalryThe Erotes(ἔρωτε&sigmaf;) Anteros(Ἀντέρω&sigmaf;), god of requited loveEros (Ἔρω&sigmaf;), god of love and sexual intercourseHedylogos (Ἡδύλογο&sigmaf;), god of sweet talk and flatteryHimeros(Ἵμερο&sigmaf;), god of sexual desirePothos(Πόθο&sigmaf;), god of sexual longing, yearning and desireEucleia(Εὔκλεια), spirit of good repute and gloryEulabeia(Εὐλάβεια), spirit of discretion, caution and circumspectionEunomia(Εὐνομία), goddess of good order and lawful conductEupheme(Εὐφήμη), spirit of words of good omen, acclamation, praise, applause and shouts of triumphEupraxia(Eὐπραξία), spirit of well-beingEusebeia(Eὐσέβεια), spirit of piety, loyalty, duty and filial respectEuthenia(Εὐθενία), spirit of prosperity, abundance and plentyGelos(Γέλω&sigmaf;), spirit of laughterGeras(Γῆρα&sigmaf;), spirit of old ageHarmonia(Ἁρμονία), goddess of harmony and concordHebe (Ήβη), goddess of youthHedone(Ἡδονή), spirit of pleasure, enjoyment and delightHeimarmene(Εἵμαρμένη), personification of share destined by fateHomados(Ὅμαδο&sigmaf;), spirit of the din of battleHomonoia(Ὁμόνοια), spirit of concord, unanimity, and oneness of mindHorkos(Ὅρκο&sigmaf;), spirit of oathsHorme (Ὁρμή), spirit of impulse or effort (to do a thing), eagerness, setting oneself in motion, and starting an actionHybris(Ὕβρι&sigmaf;), spirit of outrageous behaviourHypnos(Ὕπνο&sigmaf;), god of sleepThe Hysminai(Ὑσμῖναι), spirits of fighting and combatIoke (Ἰωκή), spirit of pursuit in battleKakia(Kακία), spirit of vice and moral badnessKalokagathia(Καλοκαγαθία), spirit of nobilityThe Keres(Κῆρε&sigmaf;), spirit of violent or cruel deathKoalemos(Κοάλεμο&sigmaf;), spirit of stupidity and foolishnessKratos(Κράτο&sigmaf;), spirit of strength, might, power and sovereign ruleKydoimos(Κυδοιμό&sigmaf;), spirit of the din of battle, confusion, uproar and hubbubLethe (Λήθη), spirit of forgetfulness and oblivion, and of the river of the same nameLimos(Λιμό&sigmaf;), spirit of hunger and starvationThe Litae(Λιταί), spirits of prayerLyssa(Λύσσα), spirit of rage, fury and rabies in animalsThe Machai(Μάχαι), spirits of fighting and combatMania(Μανία), spirit or spirits of madness, insanity and frenzyThe Moirai, or "Fates" (Μοίραι) Clotho(Κλωθώ), the spinner of the life threadLachesis(Λάχεσι&sigmaf;), the measurer of the life threadAtropos(Άτροπο&sigmaf;), the severer of the life threadMomus(Μῶμο&sigmaf;), spirit of mockery, blame, censure and stinging criticismMoros(Μόρο&sigmaf;), spirit of doomThe Neikea (τὰ Νείκη), spirits of quarrels, feuds and grievancesNemesis(Νέμεσι&sigmaf;), goddess of revenge, balance, righteous indignation and retributionNike (Νίκη), goddess of victoryNomos(Νόμο&sigmaf;), spirit of lawOizys(Ὀϊζύ&sigmaf;), spirit of woe and miseryThe Oneiroi(Ὄνειροι), spirits of dreams Epiales(Ἐπιάλη&sigmaf;), spirit of nightmaresMorpheus(Μορφεύ&sigmaf;), god of dreams, who takes shape of humansPhantasos(Φάντασο&sigmaf;) spirit of dreams of fantasy, who takes shape of inanimate objectsPhobetor(Φοβήτωρ) or Icelos (Ἴκελο&sigmaf;), spirit of nightmares, who takes shape of animalsPalioxis(Παλίωξι&sigmaf;), spirit of backrush, flight and retreat from battlePeitharchia(Πειθαρχία), spirit of obediencePeitho(Πειθώ), spirit of persuasion and seductionPenia(Πενία), spirit of poverty and needPenthus(Πένθο&sigmaf;), spirit of grief, mourning and lamentationPepromene(Πεπρωμένη), personification of the destined share, similar to HeimarmenePheme (Φήμη), spirit of rumour, report and gossipPhilophrosyne(Φιλοφροσύνη), spirit of friendliness, kindness and welcomePhilotes(Φιλότη&sigmaf;), spirit of friendship, affection and sexual intercoursePhobos(Φόβο&sigmaf;), spirit of panic fear, flight and battlefield routThe Phonoi(Φόνοι), spirits of murder, killing and slaughterPhrike(Φρίκη), spirit of horror and trembling fearPhthonus(Φθόνο&sigmaf;), spirit of envy and jealousyPistis(Πίστι&sigmaf;), spirit of trust, honesty and good faithPoine(Ποίνη), spirit of retribution, vengeance, recompense, punishment and penalty for the crime of murder and manslaughterPolemos(Πόλεμο&sigmaf;), personification of warPonos(Πόνο&sigmaf;), spirit of hard labour and toilPoros(Πόρο&sigmaf;), spirit of expediency, the means of accomplishing or providing, contrivance and devicePraxidike(Πραξιδίκη), spirit of exacting justiceProioxis(Προίωξι&sigmaf;), spirit of onrush and battlefield pursuitProphasis(Πρόφασι&sigmaf;), spirit of excuses and pleasThe Pseudologoi, spirits of liesPtocheia(Πτωχεία), spirit of beggarySoter(Σωτήρ), male spirit of safety, preservation and deliverance from harmSoteria(Σωτηρία), female personification of safety, preservation and deliverance from harmSophrosyne(Σωφροσύνη), spirit of moderation, self-control, temperance, restraint, and discretionTechne(Τέχνη), personification of art and skillThanatos(Θάνατο&sigmaf;), spirit of death and mortalityThrasos(Θράσο&sigmaf;), spirit of boldnessTyche (Τύχη), goddess of fortune, chance, providence and fateZelos ( Ζῆλο&sigmaf;), spirit of eager rivalry, emulation, envy, jealousy and zealChthonicdeitiesAmphiaraus(Ἀμφιάραο&sigmaf;), a hero of the war of the Seven Against Thebe who became an oracular spirit of the Underworld after his deathAngelos(Ἄγγελο&sigmaf;), a daughter of Zeus and Hera who became an underworld goddessAskalaphos(Ἀσκάλαφο&sigmaf;), the son of Acheron and Orphne who tended the Underworld orchards before being transformed into a screech owl by DemeterCerberus(Κέρβερο&sigmaf;), the three-headed hound who guarded the gates of HadesCharon(Χάρων), ferryman of HadesEmpusa(Ἔμπουσα), a monstrous underworld spirit or spirits with flaming hair, the leg of a goat and a leg of bronze. They are also servants of Hecate.Erebos(Ἔρεβο&sigmaf;), the primeval god of darkness, his mists encircled the underworld and filled the hollows of the earthThe Erinyes(Ἐρινύε&sigmaf;), the Furies, goddesses of retribution Alecto(Ἀληκτώ), the unceasing oneTisiphone(Τισιφόνη), avenger of murderMegaera(Μέγαιρα), the jealous oneHecate(Ἑκάτη), goddess of magic, witchcraft, the night, moon, ghosts and necromancyJudges of the Dead Aiakos(Αἰακό&sigmaf;), former mortal king of Aegina, guardian of the keys of Hades and judge of the men of EuropeMinos(Μίνω&sigmaf;), former mortal king of Crete and judge of the final voteRhadamanthys(Ῥαδάμανθυ&sigmaf;), former mortal lawmaker and judge of the men of AsiaKeuthonymos(Κευθόνυμο&sigmaf;), an Underworld spirit and father of MenoetesCronus(Κρόνο&sigmaf;), deposed king of the Titans; after his release from Tartarus he was appointed king of the Island of the BlessedLamia(Λάμια), a vampiric Underworld spirit or spirits in the train of HecateLampades(Λαμπάδε&sigmaf;), torch-bearing Underworld nymphs Gorgyra(Γοργύρα)Orphne(Ορφνη), a Lampad nymph of Hades, mother of AskalaphosMacaria(Μακαρία), daughter of Hades and goddess of blessed death (not to be confused with the daughter of Heracles)Melinoe(Μελινόη), daughter of Persephone and Zeus who presided over the propitiations offered to the ghosts of the deadMenoetes(Μενοίτη&sigmaf;), an Underworld spirit who herded the cattle of HadesMormo(Μορμώ), a fearsome Underworld spirit or spirits in the train of HecateNyx (Νύξ), the primeval goddess of nightPersephone(Περσεφόνη), queen of the underworld, wife of Hades and goddess of spring growthRivers of the Underworld Acheron(Αχέρων), the river of painKokytos(Kωκυτό&sigmaf;), the river of wailingLethe (Λήθη), the river of forgetfulnessPhlegethon(Φλεγέθων), the river of fireStyx (Στύξ), the river of hateTartarus(Τάρταρο&sigmaf;), the primeval god of the dark, stormy pit of HadesThanatos(Θάνατο&sigmaf;), spirit of death and minister of HadesSea deitiesAegaeon(Αιγαίων), god of violent sea storms and ally of the TitansAcheilos(Αχειλο&sigmaf;), shark-shaped sea spiritAmphitrite(Αμφιτρίτη), sea goddess and consort of PoseidonBenthesikyme(Βενθεσικύμη), daughter of Poseidon, who resided in EthiopiaBrizo(Βριζώ), patron goddess of sailors, who sent prophetic dreamsCeto (Κῆτώ), goddess of the dangers of the ocean and of sea monstersCharybdis(Χάρυβδι&sigmaf;), a sea monster and spirit of whirlpools and the tideCymopoleia(Κυμοπόλεια), a daughter of Poseidon married to the Giant BriareusDelphin (Δέλφιν), the leader of the dolphins, Poseidon placed him in the sky as the constellation DelphinEidothea (Ειδοθέα), prophetic sea nymph and daughter of ProteusGlaucus(Γλαῦκο&sigmaf;), the fisherman's sea godGorgons(Γοργόνε&sigmaf;), three monstrous sea spirits Stheno(Σθεννώ)Euryale(Εὐρυάλη)Medusa(Μέδουσα), the only mortal of the threeThe Graeae(Γραῖαι), three ancient sea spirits who personified the white foam of the sea; they shared one eye and one tooth between them Deino (Δεινώ)Enyo (Ενυώ)Pemphredo (Πεμφρεδώ)The Harpies(Ηάρπυιαι), winged spirits of sudden, sharp gusts of wind Aello (Αελλώ) or Aellope(Αελλώπη) or Aellopous (Αελλόπου&sigmaf;)Ocypete(Ωκυπέτη) or Ocypode (Ωκυπόδη) or Ocythoe (Ωκυθόη)Podarge(Ποδάργη) or Podarke (Ποδάρκη)Celaeno(Κελαινώ)Nicothoe (Νικοθόη)Hippocampi(ἱπποκαμπο&sigmaf;), the horses of the sea they are half horse with the tail of a fishThe Ichthyocentaurs(Ιχθυοκένταυροι), a pair of centaurine sea-gods with the upper bodies of men, the lower fore-parts of horses, ending in the serpentine tails of fish Bythos (Βύθο&sigmaf;) "sea depth"Aphros (Άφρο&sigmaf;) "sea foam"Karkinos(Καρκίνο&sigmaf;), a giant crab who allied itself with the Hydra against Heracles. When it died, Hera placed it in the sky as the constellationCancer.Ladon(Λάδων), a hundred-headed sea serpent who guarded the western reaches of the sea, and the island and golden apples of the HesperidesLeucothea(Λευκοθέα), a sea goddess who aided sailors in distressNereides(Νηρηίδε&sigmaf;), sea nymphs Thetis(Θέτι&sigmaf;), leader of the Nereids who presided over the spawning of marine life in the seaArethusa(Αρετούσα), a daughter of Nereus who was transformed into a fountainGalene(Γαλήνη), goddess of calm seasPsamathe(Πσαμάθη), goddess of sand beachesNereus(Νηρέα&sigmaf;), the old man of the sea, and the god of the sea's rich bounty of fishNerites(Νερίτη&sigmaf;), a sea spirit who was transformed into a shell-fish by AphroditeOceanus(Ὠκεανό&sigmaf;), Titan god of the Earth-encircling river Oceanus, the font of all the Earth's fresh-waterPalaemon(Παλαίμων), a young sea god who aided sailors in distressPhorcys(Φόρκυ&sigmaf;), god of the hidden dangers of the deepPontos(Πόντο&sigmaf;), primeval god of the sea, father of the fish and other sea creaturesPoseidon(Ποσειδῶν), king of the sea and lord of the sea gods; also god of rivers, flood and drought, earthquakes, and horsesProteus(Πρωτεύ&sigmaf;), a shape-shifting, prophetic old sea god, and the herdsman of Poseidon's sealsScylla(Σκύλλα), monstrous sea goddessThe Sirens(Σειρῆνε&sigmaf;), sea nymphs who lured sailors to their death with their song Aglaope (Αγλαόπη) or Aglaophonos (Αγλαόφωνο&sigmaf;) or Aglaopheme (Αγλαοφήμη)Himerope (Ίμερόπη)Leucosia (Λευκοσία)Ligeia (Λιγεία)Molpe (Μολπή)Parthenope (Παρθενόπη)Peisinoe (Πεισινόη) or Peisithoe (Πεισιθόη)Raidne (Ραίδνη)Teles (Τέλη&sigmaf;)Thelchtereia (Θελχτήρεια)Thelxiope (Θελξιόπη) or Thelxiepeia (Θελξιέπεια)The Telchines(Τελχινε&sigmaf;), sea spirits native to the island of Rhodes; the gods killed them when they turned to evil magic Actaeus (Ακταιο&sigmaf;)Argyron (Αργυρών)Atabyrius (Αταβύριο&sigmaf;)Chalcon (Χαλκών)Chryson (Χρυσών)Damon (Δαμων) or Demonax (Δημώναξ)Damnameneus (Δαμναμενεύ&sigmaf;)Dexithea (Δεξιθέα), mother of Euxanthios by MinosLycos (Λύκο&sigmaf;) or Lyktos (Λύκτο&sigmaf;)Lysagora (Λυσαγόρα)?Makelo (Μακελώ)Megalesius (Μεγαλήσιο&sigmaf;)Mylas (Μύλα&sigmaf;)Nikon (Νίκων)Ormenos (Ορμενο&sigmaf;)Simon (Σίμων)Skelmis (Σκελμι&sigmaf;)Tethys(Τηθύ&sigmaf;), wife of Oceanus, and the mother of the rivers, springs, streams, fountains and cloudsThalassa(Θάλασσα), primeval spirit of the sea and consort of PontosThaumas(Θαῦμα&sigmaf;), god of the wonders of the seaThoosa(Θόοσα), goddess of swift currentsTriteia(Τριτεια), daughter of Triton and companion of AresTriton(Τρίτων), fish-tailed son and herald of PoseidonTritones(Τρίτωνε&sigmaf;), fish-tailed spirits in Poseidon's retinueSky deitiesAchelois(Ἀχελωΐ&sigmaf;), "she who washes pain away", a minor moon goddessAeolus(Aiolos) (Αίολο&sigmaf;), god of the winds.Aether(Αιθήρ), primeval god of the upper airAlectrona(Αλεκτρονα), solar goddess of the morning or waking upAnemoi, gods of the winds Boreas(Βορέα&sigmaf;), god of the north wind and of winterEurus(Εύρο&sigmaf;), god of the unlucky east or southeast windNotus (Νότο&sigmaf;) god of the south windZephyrus(Ζέφυρο&sigmaf;), god of the west windAparctias (Απαρκτία&sigmaf;), another name for the north wind (not identified with Boreas)Apheliotes (Αφηλιώτη&sigmaf;), god of the east wind (when Eurus is considered southeast)Argestes (Αργέστη&sigmaf;), another name for the west or northwest windCaicias (Καικία&sigmaf;), god of the northeast windCircios (Κίρκιο&sigmaf;) or Thraskias (Θρασκία&sigmaf;), god of the north-northwest windEuronotus (Ευρονότο&sigmaf;), god of the southeast windLips (Λίψ), god of the southwest windSkeiron (Σκείρων), god of the northwest windArke (Άρκη), messenger of the Titans and twin sister of IrisAstraios(Ἀστραῖο&sigmaf;), Titan god of stars and planets, and the art of astrologyThe Astra Planeti (Αστρα Πλανετοι), gods of the five wandering stars or planets Stilbon(Στιλβών), god of Hermaon, the planet MercuryEosphorus(Ηωσφόρο&sigmaf;), god of Venus the morning starHesperus(Ἓσπερο&sigmaf;), god of Venus the evening starPyroeis(Πυρόει&sigmaf;), god of Areios, the planet MarsPhaethon(Φαέθων), god of Dios, the planet JupiterPhaenon(Φαίνων), god of Kronion, the planet SaturnAurai(Αὖραι), nymphs of the cooling breeze Aura (Αὖρα), goddess of the breeze and the fresh, cool air of early morningChaos (Χάο&sigmaf;), the nothingness from which all else sprang, she also represented the lower atmosphere which surrounded the earthChione(Χιόνη), goddess of snow and daughter of BoreasHelios(Ἥλιο&sigmaf;), Titan god of the sun and guardian of oathsSelene(Σελήνη), Titan goddess of the moonEos (Ἠώ&sigmaf;), Titan goddess of the dawnHemera(Ημέρα), primeval goddess of daylight and the sunHera (Ήρα), Queen of Heaven and goddess of the air and starry constellationsHerse (Ἕρση), goddess of the morning dewThe Hesperides(Ἑσπερίδε&sigmaf;)The Hyades, nymphs that represented a star cluster in the constellation Taurus and were associated with rainIris (Ίρι&sigmaf;), goddess of the rainbow and divine messengerThe Menae(Μήναι), fifty goddesses of phases of the moon and the fifty lunar months of the four-year OlympiadNephelai(Νεφήλαι), cloud nymphsOuranos(Ουρανό&sigmaf;), primeval god of the heavensPandia(Πανδία), daughter of Selene and Zeus; goddess of the full moon and of the earth-nourishing dewThe Pleiades(Πλειάδε&sigmaf;), goddesses of the constellation PleiadesAlcyone(Αλκυόνη)Sterope(Στερόπη)Celaeno(Κελαινώ)Electra(Ηλέκτρα)Maia(Μαία)Merope(Μερόπη)Taygete(Ταϋγέτη)Zeus (Ζεύ&sigmaf;), King of Heaven and god of the sky, clouds, rain, thunder and lightningRustic deitiesAetna(Αἴτνη), goddess of the volcanic Mount Etna in SicilyAmphictyonis(Αμφικτυονί&sigmaf;), goddess of wine and friendship between nations, a local form of DemeterAnthousai(Ανθούσαι), flower nymphsAristaeus(Ἀρισταῖο&sigmaf;), god of bee-keeping, cheese-making, herding, olive-growing and huntingAttis(Άττι&sigmaf;), vegetation god and consort of CybeleBritomartis(Βριτόμαρτι&sigmaf;), Cretan goddess of hunting and nets used for fishing, fowling and the hunting of small gameCabeiri(Κάβειροι), gods or spirits who presided over the Mysteries of the islands of Lemnos and Samothrace Aitnaios (Αιτναιο&sigmaf;)Alkon (Αλκων)Eurymedon (Ευρυμεδών)Onnes (Όννη&sigmaf;)Tonnes (Τόννη&sigmaf;)Centaurs(Κένταυροι), a race of half-man, half-horse beings Asbolus(Άσβολο&sigmaf;)Chariclo(Χαρικλώ), wife of the centaur ChironChiron(Χείρων), the eldest and wisest of the CentaursEurytion(Ευρυτιων)Nessus(Νέσσο&sigmaf;), a ferryman at the river EuenusPholus(Φώλο&sigmaf;)The Cercopes(Κέρκοπε&sigmaf;), a pair of monkey-like thieves who plagued the land of Lydia in western Anatolia Akmon (Ακμών)Passalos (Πάσσαλο&sigmaf;)Chloris(Χλωρί&sigmaf;), goddess of flowers and wife of ZephyrusComus(Κόμο&sigmaf;), god of revelry, merrymaking and festivityCorymbus(Κόρυμβο&sigmaf;), god of the fruit of the ivyThe Curetes(Κουρέτε&sigmaf;), guardians of infant Zeus on Mount Ida, barely distinguished from the Dactyls and the CorybantesCybele(Κυβέλη), a Phrygian mountain goddess associated with RheaThe Dactyls(Δάκτυλοι)"fingers", minor deities originally representing fingers of a hand Acmon(Ακμών)Damnameneus (Δαμναμενεύ&sigmaf;)Delas (Δήλα&sigmaf;)Epimedes (Επιμήδη&sigmaf;)Heracles (not to be confused with the hero Heracles)Iasios (Ιάσιο&sigmaf;)Kelmis (Κελμι&sigmaf;)Skythes (Σκύθη&sigmaf;)Dionysus(Διόνυσο&sigmaf;), god of wine, drunken orgies and wild vegetationDryades(Δρυάδε&sigmaf;), tree and forest nymphsGaia (Γαία), primeval goddess of the earthEpimeliades(Επιμελίδε&sigmaf;), nymphs of highland pastures and protectors of sheep flocksHamadryades(Αμαδρυάδε&sigmaf;), oak tree dryadesHecaterus(Ηεκατερο&sigmaf;), minor god of the hekateris - a rustic dance of quickly moving hands - and perhaps of the skill of hands in generalHephaestus(Ήφαιστο&sigmaf;), god of metalworkingHermes(Ερμή&sigmaf;), god of herds and flocks, of roads and boundary stonesThe Horae (Ώρε&sigmaf;), The Hours The goddesses of natural order Eunomia(Ευνομία), spirit of good order, and springtime goddess of green pasturesDike (Δίκη), spirit of justice, may have represented springtime growthEirene(Ειρήνη), spirit of peace and goddess of the springtimeThe goddesses of springtime growth Thallo(Θαλλώ), goddess of spring buds and shoots, identified with EireneAuxo (Αυξώ), goddess of spring growthKarpo(Καρπώ), goddess of the fruits of the earthThe goddesses of welfare Pherousa(Φέρουσα) "the bringer"Euporie(Ευπορίη) "abundance"Orthosie(Ορθοσίη) "prosperity"The goddesses of the natural portions of time and the times of day Auge (Αυγή), first light of the morningAnatole (Ανατολή) or Anatolia (Ανατολία), sunriseMousika or Musica (Μουσική), the morning hour of music and studyGymnastika, Gymnastica (Γυμναστίκή) or Gymnasia (Γυμνασία), the morning hour of gymnastics/exerciseNymphe (Νυμφή), the morning hour of ablutions (bathing, washing)Mesembria (Μεσημβρία), noonSponde(Σπονδή), libations poured after lunchElete, prayer, the first of the afternoon work hoursAkte, Acte (Ακτή) or Cypris (Κυπρί&sigmaf;), eating and pleasure, the second of the afternoon work hoursHesperis (Έσπερί&sigmaf;), eveningDysis (Δύσι&sigmaf;), sunsetArktos (Άρκτο&sigmaf;), night sky, constellationThe goddesses of seasons of the year Eiar (Είαρ), springTheros (Θέρο&sigmaf;), summerPthinoporon (Φθινόπωρον), autumnCheimon (Χειμών), winterKorybantes(Κορύβαντε&sigmaf;), the crested dancers who worshipped Cybele Damneus (Δαμνεύ&sigmaf;) "the one who tames(?)"Idaios (Ιδαίο&sigmaf;) "of Mount Ida"Kyrbas (Κύρβα&sigmaf;), whose name is probably a variant of Korybas, singular for "Korybantes"Okythoos (Ωκύθοο&sigmaf;) "the one running swiftly"Prymneus (Πρυμνεύ&sigmaf;) "of lower areas(?)"Pyrrhichos(Πυρῥιχο&sigmaf;), god of the rustic danceMaenades(μαινάδε&sigmaf;), crazed nymphs in the retinue of Dionysus Methe (Μέθη), nymph of drunkennessMeliae(Μελίαι), nymphs of honey and the ash treeNaiades(Ναιάδε&sigmaf;), fresh water nymphs Daphne(Δάφνη)Metope(Μετώπη)MintheThe Nymphai Hyperboreioi (Νύμφαι Υπερβόρειοι), who presided over aspects of archery Hekaerge (Εκαέργη), represented distancingLoxo (Λοξώ), represented trajectoryOupis (Ουπι&sigmaf;), represented aimOreades(Ὀρεάδε&sigmaf;), mountain nymphs Adrasteia(Αδράστεια), a nursemaid of the infant ZeusEcho (Ηχώ), a nymph cursed never to speak except to repeat the words of othersOceanides(Ωκεανίδε&sigmaf;), fresh water nymphs Beroe(Βερόη), a nymph of Beirut, the daughter of Aphrodite and Adonis, who was wooed by both Dionysus and PoseidonCalypso(Καλυψώ)Clytie(Κλυτίη)Eidyia(Ειδυια), the youngest of the Oceanidesfor the complete list, see List of OceanidsThe Ourea(Ούρο&sigmaf;), primeval gods of mountainsThe Palici(Παλικοί), a pair of rustic gods who presided over the geysers and thermal springs in SicilyPan (Πάν), god of shepherds, pastures, and fertilityPotamoi, river gods Achelous(Αχέλου&sigmaf;)Acis(Άκι&sigmaf;)Acheron(Αχέρων)Alpheus(Αλφειό&sigmaf;)Asopus(Ασωπό&sigmaf;)Cladeus(Κλάδεο&sigmaf;)Eurotas(Ευρώτα&sigmaf;)Cocytus(Kωκυτό&sigmaf;)Lethe(λήθη)Peneus(Πηνειό&sigmaf;)Phlegethon(Φλεγέθων))Styx(Στύξ)Scamander(Σκάμανδρο&sigmaf;)Priapus(Πρίαπο&sigmaf;), god of garden fertilityRhea (Ῥέα), the great mother and queen of the mountain wildsSatyrs(Σάτυροι), rustic fertility spirits Krotos(Κρότο&sigmaf;), a great hunter and musician who kept the company of the Muses on Mount HeliconSilenus(Σειληνό&sigmaf;), an old rustic god of the dance of the wine-pressTelete(Τελέτη), goddess of initiation into the Bacchic orgiesZagreus(Ζαγρεύ&sigmaf;), in the Orphic mysteries, the first incarnation of DionysusAgricultural deitiesAdonis(Άδωνι&sigmaf;), a life-death-rebirth deityAphaea(Αφαία), minor goddess of agriculture and fertilityCarme(Κάρμη), a Cretan spirit who presided over the harvest festivalCarmanor(Καρμάνωρ), a Cretan harvest godChrysothemis(Χρυσόθεμι&sigmaf;), goddess of the "Golden Custom", a harvest festival, daughter of Demeter and CarmanorCyamites(Κυαμίτη&sigmaf;), demi-god of the beanDemeter(Δημήτηρ), goddess of fertility, agriculture, grain and harvestDespoina, daughter of Poseidon and Demeter, goddess of mysteries in ArcadiaDionysus(Διόνυσο&sigmaf;), god of viticulture and wineEunostus(Εύνοστο&sigmaf;), goddess of the flour millHestia(Ἑστία), maiden goddess of the hearth who presided over the baking of bread, mankind's stable foodPersephone(Περσεφόνη), queen of the underworld, wife of Hades and goddess of spring growthPhilomelus(Φιλόμελο&sigmaf;), agricultural demi-god inventor of the wagon and the ploughPlutus(Πλοῦτο&sigmaf;), god of wealth, including agricultural wealth, son of DemeterDeified mortalsAchilles(Ἀχιλλεύ&sigmaf;), hero of the Trojan WarAiakos(Αἰακό&sigmaf;), a king of Aegina, appointed as a Judge of the Dead in the Underworld after his deathAeolus(Aiolos) (Αἴολο&sigmaf;), a king of Thessaly, made the immortal king of the winds by ZeusAmphiaraus(Ἀμφιάραο&sigmaf;), a hero of the war of the Seven Against Thebe who became an oracular spirit of the Underworld after his deathAriadne(Αριάδνη), a Cretan princess who became the immortal wife of DionysusAristaeus(Ἀρισταῖο&sigmaf;), a Thessalian hero, his inventions saw him immortalised as the god of bee-keeping, cheese-making, herding, olive-growing and huntingAsclepius(Ἀσκληπιό&sigmaf;), a Thessalian physician who was struck down by Zeus, to be later recovered by his father ApolloAttis(Ἄττι&sigmaf;), a consort of Cybele, granted immortality as one of her attendantsBolina(Βολίνα), a mortal woman transformed into an immortal nymph by ApolloThe Dioscuri(Διόσκουροι), divine twins Castor(Κάστωρ)Polydeuces(Πολυδεύκη&sigmaf;)Endymion(Ἐνδυμίων), lover of Selene, granted eternal sleep so as never to age or dieGanymede(Γανυμήδη&sigmaf;), a handsome Trojan prince, abducted by Zeus and made cup-bearer of the godsGlaucus(Γλαῦκο&sigmaf;), the fisherman's sea god, made immortal after eating a magical herbHemithea(Ἡμιθέα) and Parthenos(Παρθένο&sigmaf;), princesses of the Island of Naxos who leapt into the sea to escape their father's wrath; Apollo transformed them into demi-goddessesHeracles(Ἡρακλῆ&sigmaf;), ascended heroLampsace(Λαμψάκη), a semi-historical Bebrycian princess honored as goddess for her assistance to the GreeksMinos(Μίνω&sigmaf;), a king of Crete, appointed as a Judge of the Dead in the Underworld after his deathIno (Ἰνώ), a Theban princess who became the sea goddess LeucotheaThe Leucippides (Λευκιππίδε&sigmaf;), wives of the Dioscuri Phoebe(Φοίβη), wife of PolluxHilaeira(Ἱλάειρα), wife of CastorOrithyia(Ὠρείθυια), an Athenian princess abducted by Boreas and made the goddess of cold, gusty mountain windsPalaemon(Παλαίμων), a Theban prince, made into a sea god along with his mother, InoPhylonoe(Φυλονόη), daughter of Tyndareus and Leda, made immortal by ArtemisPsyche(Ψυχή), goddess of the soulHealth deitiesAceso(Ἀκεσώ), goddess of the healing of wounds and the curing of illnessesAegle(Αἴγλη), goddess of radiant good healthAsclepius(Ασκληπιό&sigmaf;), god of healingEpione(Ἠπιόνη), goddess of the soothing of painHygieia(Υγεία), goddess of cleanliness and good healthIaso (Ἰασώ), goddess of cures, remedies and modes of healingPaeon (Παιάν, Παιήων, or Παιών), physician of the Olympian godsPanacea(Πανάκεια), goddess of healingTelesphorus(Τελεσφόρο&sigmaf;), demi-god of convalescence, who "brought to fulfillment" recuperation from illness or injuryOther deitiesAcratopotes(Ἀκρατοπότη&sigmaf;), god of unmixed wine and incontinenceAdrastea(Αδράστεια), a daughter of Ares and Aphrodite, or an epithet of NemesisAgdistis(Ἄγδιστι&sigmaf;), Phrygian hermaphroditic deityAlexiares and Anicetus (Αλεξιαρη&sigmaf; and Ανικητο&sigmaf;), twin sons of Heracles who presided over the defence of fortified towns and citadelsAphroditus(Ἀφρόδιτο&sigmaf;), Cyprian hermaphroditic AphroditeAstraea(Αστραία), virgin goddess of justiceAuxesia(Αυξησία) and Damia(Δαμία), two local fertility goddessesCharites(Χάριτε&sigmaf;), goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity and fertility Aglaea(Αγλαΐα), goddess of beauty, adornment, splendor and gloryEuphrosyne(Εὐφροσύνη), goddess of good cheer, joy, mirth and merrimentThalia(Θάλεια), goddess of festive celebrations and rich and luxurious banquetsHegemone(Ηγεμόνη) "mastery"Antheia(Άνθεια), goddess of flowers and flowery wreathsPasithea(Πασιθέα), goddess of rest and relaxationCleta (Κλήτα) "the glorious"Phaenna (Φαέννα) "the shining"Eudaimonia (Ευδαιμονία) "happiness"Euthymia (Ευθυμία) "good mood"Calleis (Καλλεί&sigmaf;) "beauty"Paidia (Παιδία) "play, amusement"Pandaisia (Πανδαισία) "banquet for everyone"Pannychis (Παννυχί&sigmaf;) "all-night (festivity)"Ceraon(Κεραων), demi-god of the meal, specifically the mixing of wineChrysus(Χρύσο&sigmaf;), spirit of goldCirce(Κίρκη), goddess-witch of AeaeaDaemones Ceramici (Δαίμονε&sigmaf; Κεραμικοί), five malevolent spirits who plagued the craftsman potter Syntribos (Σύντριβο&sigmaf;), the shattererSmaragos (Σμάραγο&sigmaf;), the smasherAsbetos (Ασβετο&sigmaf;), the charrerSabaktes (Σαβάκτη&sigmaf;), the destroyerOmodamos (Ομόδαμο&sigmaf;), crudebakeDeipneus(Δειπνεύ&sigmaf;), demi-god of the preparation of meals, specifically the making of breadEiresione(Ειρεσιώνη), personification of the olive branchEileithyia(Εἰλείθυια), goddess of childbirthEnyalius(Ενυάλιο&sigmaf;), minor god of warEnyo (Ἐνυώ), goddess of destructive warHarpocrates(Ηαρποκρατη&sigmaf;), god of silenceHermaphroditus(Ἑρμάφρόδιτό&sigmaf;), god of hermaphroditesand effeminate menHymenaios(Ὑμέναιο&sigmaf;), god of marriage and marriage feastsIchnaea(Ιχναία), goddess of trackingIynx (Ιύνξ), goddess of the love charmMatton(Μάττων), demi-god of the meal, specifically the kneading of doughMuses(Μούσαι), goddesses of music, song and dance, and the source of inspiration to poets Titan Muses, daughters of Gaia and UranusAoide(Ἀοιδή), muse of songArche(Αρχή), muse of originsMelete(Μελέτη), muse of meditation and practiceMneme(Μνήμη), muse of memoryThelxinoe(Θελξινόη), muse "charmer of minds"Olympian Muses, daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne Calliope(Καλλιόπη), muse of epic poetryClio (Κλειώ), muse of historyErato(Ερατώ), muse of erotic poetryEuterpe(Ευτέρπη), muse of lyric poetryMelpomene(Μελπομένη), muse of tragedyPolyhymnia(Πολυμνία) or (Πολύμνια), muse of sacred poetryTerpsichore(Τερψιχόρη), muse of dance and choral poetryThalia(Θάλεια), muse of comedy and bucolic poetryUrania(Ουρανία), muse of astronomyYounger Muses, daughters of Apollo Cephisso(Κεφισσώ)Apollonis(Απολλωνί&sigmaf;)Borysthenis(Βορυσθενί&sigmaf;)Hypate(Υπάτη) "the upper (chord of the lyre)"Mese (Μέση) "the middle (chord of the lyre)"Nete (Νήτη) "the lower (chord of the lyre)"Polymatheia(Πολυμάθεια), muse of knowledgePalaestra(Παλαίστρα), goddess of wrestlingRhapso(Ραψώ), minor goddess or nymph whose name apparently refers to sewingMortalsHeroesAbderus, aided Heracles during his eighth labour and was killed by the Mares of DiomedesAchilles(Αχιλλεύ&sigmaf; or Αχιλλέα&sigmaf;), hero of the Trojan Warand a central character in Homer's IliadAeneas(Αινεία&sigmaf;), a hero of the Trojan War and progenitor of the Roman peopleAjax the Great (Αία&sigmaf; ο Μέγα&sigmaf;), a hero of the Trojan War and king of SalamisAjax the Lesser (Αία&sigmaf; ο Μικρό&sigmaf;), a hero of the Trojan War and leader of the LocrianarmyAmphitryon(Αμφιτρύων), Theban general who rescued Thebes from the Teumessian Fox; his wife was Alcmene, mother of HeraclesBellerophon, hero who slew the ChimeraCastor, the mortal Dioscuri twin; after Castor's death, his immortal brother Pollux shared his divinity with him in order that they might remain togetherChrysippus, a divine hero of ElisDaedalus, creator of the labyrinth and great inventor, until King Minos trapped him in his own creation.Diomedes, a king of Argos and hero of the Trojan WarEleusis, eponymous hero of the town of EleusisEunostus, a Boeotian heroGanymede, Trojan hero and lover of Zeus, who was given immortality and appointed cup-bearer to the godsHector, hero of the Trojan War and champion of the Trojan peopleIolaus, nephew of Heracles who aided his uncle in one of his LaborsJason, leader of the ArgonautsMeleager, a hero who sailed with the Argonauts and killed the Calydonian BoarOdysseus, a hero and king of Ithaca whose adventures are the subject of Homer's Odyssey; he also played a key role during the Trojan WarOrpheus, a legendary musician and poet who attempted to retrieve his dead wife from the UnderworldPerseus(Περσεύ&sigmaf;), son of Zeus and the founder-king of Mycenae and slayer of the Gorgon MedusaTheseus, son of Poseidon and a king of Athens and slayer of the MinotaurNotable womenAlcestis(Άλκηστι&sigmaf;), daughter of Pelias and wife of Admetus, who was known for her devotion to her husbandAmymone, the one daughter of Danaus who refused to murder her husband, thus escaping her sisters' punishmentAndromache(Ανδρομάχη), wife of HectorAndromeda(Ανδρομέδα), wife of Perseus, who was placed among the constellations after her deathAntigone(Αντιγόνη), daughter of Oedipus and JocastaArachne(Αράχνη), a skilled weaver, transformed by Athena into a spider for her blasphemyAriadne(Αριάδνη), daughter of Minos, king of Crete, who aided Theseus in overcoming the Minotaur and became the wife of DionysusAtalanta(Αταλάντη), fleet-footed heroine who participated in the Calydonian Boar huntBriseis, a princess of Lyrnessus, taken by Achilles as a war prizeCaeneus, formerly Caenis, a woman who was transformed into a man and became a mighty warriorCassandra, a princess of Troy cursed to see the future but never to be believedClytemnestra, sister of Helen and unfaithful wife of AgamemnonDanaë, the mother of Perseus by ZeusDeianeira, the third wife and unwitting killer of HeraclesElectra, daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, she aided her brother Orestes in plotting revenge against their mother for the murder of their fatherEuropa, a Phoenician woman, abducted by ZeusHecuba(Ἑκάβη), wife of Priam, king of Troy, and mother of nineteen of his childrenHelen, daughter of Zeus and Leda, whose abduction brought about the Trojan WarHermione(Ἑρμιόνη), daughter of Menelaus and Helen; wife of Neoptolemus, and later OrestesIphigenia, daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra; Agamemnon sacrificed her to Artemis in order to appease the goddessIsmene, sister of AntigoneJocasta, mother and wife of OedipusMedea, a sorceress and wife of Jason, who killed her own children to punish Jason for his infidelityMedusa, a mortal woman transformed into a hideous gorgon by AthenaNiobe, a daughter of Tantalus who declared herself to be superior to Leto, causing Artemis and Apollo to kill her fourteen childrenPandora, the first womanPenelope, loyal wife of OdysseusPhaedra, daughter of Minos and wife of TheseusPolyxena, the youngest daughter of Priam, sacrificed to the ghost of AchillesSemele, mortal mother of DionysusKingsAbas, a king of ArgosAcastus, a king of Iolcus who sailed with the Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar huntAcrisius, a king of ArgosActaeus, first king of AtticaAdmetus(Άδμητο&sigmaf;), a king of Pherae who sailed with the Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar huntAdrastus(Άδραστο&sigmaf;), a king of Argos and one of the Seven Against ThebesAeacus(Αιακό&sigmaf;), a king of the island of Aegina in the Saronic Gulf; after he died, he became one of the three judges of the dead in the UnderworldAeëtes, a king of Colchis and father of MedeaAegeus(Αιγεύ&sigmaf;), a king of Athens and father of TheseusAegimius, a king of Thessaly and progenitor of the DoriansAegisthus(Αίγισθο&sigmaf;), lover of Clytemnestra, with whom he plotted to murder Agamemnon and seized the kingship of MycenaeAegyptus(Αίγυπτο&sigmaf;), a king of EgyptAeson, father of Jason and rightful king of Iolcus, whose throne was usurped by his half-brother PeliasAëthlius, first king of ElisAetolus(Αιτωλό&sigmaf;), a king of ElisAgamemnon(Ἀγαμέμνων), a king of Mycenae and commander of the Greek armies during the Trojan WarAgasthenes, a king of ElisAgenor(Αγήνωρ), a king of PhoeniciaAlcinous(Αλκίνου&sigmaf; or Ἀλκίνοο&sigmaf;), a king of PhaeaciaAlcmaeon, a king of Argos and one of the EpigoniAleus, a king of TegeaAmphiaraus(Ἀμφιάραο&sigmaf;), a seer and king of Argos who participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt and the war of the Seven Against ThebesAmphictyon(Ἀμφικτύων), a king of AthensAmphion and Zethus, twin sons of Zeus and kings of Thebes, who constructed the city's wallsAmycus, son of Poseidon and king of the BebrycesAnaxagoras(Ἀναξαγόρα&sigmaf;), a king of ArgosAnchises(Αγχίση&sigmaf;), a king of Dardania and father of AeneasArcesius, a king of Ithaca and father of LaertesArgeus, a king of ArgosArgus, a son of Zeus and king of Argos after PhoroneusAssaracus, a king of DardaniaAsterion, a king of CreteAthamas(Ἀθάμα&sigmaf;), a king of OrchomenusAtreus(Ἀτρεύ&sigmaf;), a king of Mycenae and father of Agamemnon and MenelausAugeas(Αυγεία&sigmaf;), a king of ElisAutesion, a king of ThebesBias, a king of ArgosBusiris, a king of EgyptCadmus, founder-king of ThebesCar, a king of MegaraCatreus, a king of Crete, prophesied to die at the hands of his own sonCecrops, an autochthonous king of AthensCeisus, a king of ArgosCeleus, a king of EleusisCephalus, a king of Phocis who accidentally killed his own wifeCepheus, a king of EthiopiaCepheus, a king of Tegeaand an ArgonautCharnabon, a king of the GetaeCinyras, a king of Cyprus and father of AdonisCodrus, a king of AthensCorinthus, founder-king of CorinthCranaus, a king of AthensCreon, a king of Thebes, brother of Laius and uncle of OedipusCreon, a king of Corinth who was hospitable towards Jason and MedeaCres, an early Cretan kingCresphontes, a king of Messene and descendent of HeraclesCretheus, founder-king of IolcusCriasus, a king of ArgosCylarabes, a king of ArgosCynortas, a king of SpartaCyzicus, king of the Dolionians, mistakenly killed by the ArgonautsDanaus, a king of Egypt and father of the DanaidesDardanus, founder-king of Dardania, and son of Zeus and ElectraDeiphontes, a king of ArgosDemophon of Athens, a king of AthensDiomedes, a king of Argos and hero of the Trojan WarEchemus, a king of ArcadiaEchetus, a king of EpirusEetion, a king of Cilician Thebe and father of AndromacheElectryon, a king of Tiryns and Mycenae; son of Perseus and AndromedaElephenor, a king of the Abantes of EuboeaEleusis, eponym and king of Eleusis, AtticaEpaphus, a king of Egypt and founder of MemphisEpopeus, a king of SicyonErechtheus, a king of AthensErginus, a king of Minyean Orchomenus in BoeotiaErichthonius, a king of Athens, born of Hephaestus' attempt to rape AthenaEteocles, a king of Thebes and son of Oedipus; he and his brother Polynices killed each otherEteocles, son of Andreus, a king of OrchomenusEurotas, a king of SpartaEurystheus, a king of TirynsEuxantius, a king of Ceos, son of Minos and DexitheaGelanor, a king of ArgosHaemus, a king of ThraceHelenus, seer and twin brother of Cassandra, who later became king of EpirusHippothoön, a king of EleusisHyrieus, a king of BoeotiaIlus, founder-king of TroyIxion, a king of the Lapiths who attempted to rape Hera and was bound to a flaming wheel in TartarusLaërtes, father of Odysseus and king of the Cephallenians; he sailed with the Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar huntLaomedon, a king of Troy and father of PriamLycaon of Arcadia, a deceitful Arcadian king who was transformed by Zeus into a wolfLycurgus of Arcadia, a king of ArcadiaLycurgus of Nemea, a king of NemeaMakedon, a king of MacedonMegareus of Onchestus, a king of Onchestus in BoeotiaMegareus of Thebes, a king of ThebesMelampus, a legendary soothsayer and healer, and king of ArgosMelanthus, a king of MesseniaMemnon, a king of Ethiopia who fought on the side of Troy during the Trojan WarMenelaus, a king of Sparta and the husband of HelenMenestheus, a king of Athens who fought on the side of the Greeks during the Trojan WarMidas, a king of Phrygia granted the power to turn anything to gold with a touchMinos, a king of Crete; after his death, became one of the judges of the dead in the UnderworldMyles, a king of LaconiaNestor, a king of Pylos who sailed with the Argonauts, participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt and fought with the Greek armies in the Trojan WarNycteus, a king of ThebesOdysseus, a hero and king of Ithaca whose adventures are the subject of Homer's Odyssey; he also played a key role during the Trojan WarOebalus, a king of SpartaOedipus, a king of Thebes fated to kill his father and marry his motherOeneus, a king of CalydonOenomaus, a king of PisaOenopion, a king of ChiosOgygus, a king of ThebesOicles, a king of ArgosOileus, a king of LocrisOrestes, a king of Argos and a son of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon; he killed his mother in revenge for her murder of his fatherOxyntes, a king of AthensPandion I, a king of AthensPandion II, a king of AthensPeleus, king of the Myrmidons and father of Achilles; he sailed the with Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar huntPelias, a king of Iolcus and usurper of Aeson's rightful thronePelops, a king of Pisa and founder of the House of AtreusPentheus, a king of Thebes who banned the worship of Dionysus and was torn apart by MaenadsPerseus(Περσεύ&sigmaf;), founder-king of Mycenae and slayer of the Gorgon MedusaPhineus, a king of ThracePhlegyas, a king of the LapithsPhoenix, son of Agenor, founder-king of PhoeniciaPhoroneus, a king of ArgosPhyleus, a king of ElisPirithoös, king of the Lapiths and husband of Hippodamia, at whose wedding the Battle of Lapiths and Centaurs occurredPittheus, a king of Troezen and grandfather of TheseusPolybus of Corinth, a king of CorinthPolybus of Sicyon, a king of Sicyon and son of HermesPolybus of Thebes, a king of ThebesPolynices, a king of Thebes and son of Oedipus; he and his brother Eteocles killed each otherPriam, king of Troy during the Trojan WarProetus, a king of Argos and TirynsPylades, a king of Phocis and friend of OrestesRhadamanthys, a king of Crete; after his death, he became a judge of the dead in the UnderworldRhesus, a king of Thrace who sided with Troy in the Trojan WarSarpedon, a king of Lycia and son of Zeus who fought on the side of the Greeks during the Trojan WarSisyphus, a king of Thessaly who attempted to cheat death and was sentenced to an eternity of rolling a boulder up a hill, only to watch it roll back downSithon, a king of ThraceTalaus, a king of Argos who sailed with the ArgonautsTegyrios, a king of ThraceTelamon, a king of Salamis and father of Ajax; he sailed with the Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar huntTelephus, a king of Mysiaand son of HeraclesTemenus, a king of Argos and descendent of HeraclesTeucer, founder-king of Salamis who fought alongside the Greeks in the Trojan WarTeutamides, a king of LarissaTeuthras, a king of MysiaThersander, a king of Thebes and one of the EpigoniTheseus, a king of Athens and slayer of the MinotaurThyestes, a king of Mycenae and brother of AtreusTisamenus, a king of Argos, Mycenae and SpartaTyndareus, a king of SpartaSeersAmphilochus(Αμφίλοχο&sigmaf;), a seer and brother of Alcmaeon who died in the war of the Seven Against ThebesAnius, son of Apollo who prophesied that the Trojan War would be won in its tenth yearBranchus, a seer and son of ApolloCalchas, an Argive seer who aided the Greeks during the Trojan WarCarnus, an Acarnanianseer and lover of ApolloCarya, a seer and lover of DionysusCassandra, a princess of Troy cursed to see the future but never to be believedEnnomus, a Mysian seer, killed by Achilles during the Trojan WarHalitherses, an Ithacan seer who warned Penelope's suitors of Odysseus' returnHelenus, seer and twin brother of Cassandra, who later became king of EpirusIamus, a son of Apollo possessing the gift of prophecy, he founded the IamidaiIdmon, a seer who sailed with the ArgonautsManto, seer and daughter of TiresiasMelampus, a legendary soothsayer and healer, and king of ArgosMopsus, the name of two legendary seersPolyeidos, a Corinthian seer who saved the life of GlaucusTelemus, a seer who foresaw that the Cyclops Polyphemus would be blinded by OdysseusTheoclymenus, an Argive seerTiresias, blind prophet of ThebesAmazonsAegea, a queen of the AmazonsAella(Ἄελλα), an Amazon who was killed by HeraclesAlcibie(Ἀλκιβίη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Diomedes at TroyAntandre(Ἀντάνδρη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Achilles at TroyAntiope(Ἀντιόπη), a daughter of Ares and sister of HippolytaAreto(Ἀρετώ), an AmazonAsteria(Ἀστερία), an Amazon who was killed by HeraclesBremusa(Βρέμουσα), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Idomeneus at TroyCelaeno(Κελαινώ), an Amazonian warrior, killed by HeraclesEurypyle(Εὐρυπύλη), an Amazon leader who invaded Ninus and BabyloniaHippolyta(Ἱππολύτη), a daughter of Ares and queen of the AmazonsHippothoe(Ἱπποθόη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Achilles at TroyIphito(Ἰφιτώ), an Amazon who served under HippolytaLampedo(Λαμπεδώ), an Amazon queen who ruled with her sister MarpesiaMarpesia(Μαρπεσία), an Amazon queen who ruled with her sister LampedoMelanippe(Μελανίππη), a daughter of Ares and sister of Hippolyta and AntiopeMolpadia(Μολπαδία), an Amazon who killed AntiopeMyrina(Μύρινα), a queen of the AmazonsOrithyia(Ὠρείθυια), an Amazon queenOtrera(Ὀτρήρα), a queen of the Amazons, consort of Ares and mother of HippolytaPantariste(Πανταρίστη), an Amazon who fought with Hippolyta against HeraclesPenthesilea(Πενθεσίλεια), a queen of the Amazons who fought in the Trojan War on the side of TroyInmates of TartarusThe Daiaides, forty-nine daughters of Danaus who murdered their husbands and were condemned to an eternity of carrying water in leaky jugsIxion, a king of the Lapiths who attempted to rape Hera and was bound to a flaming wheel in TartarusSisyphus, a king of Thessaly who attempted to cheat death and was sentenced to an eternity of rolling a boulder up a hill, only to watch it roll back downTantalus, a king of Anatolia who butchered his son Pelops and served him as a meal to the gods; he was punished with the torment of starvation, food and drink eternally dangling just out of reachMinor figuresAbas, the name of several mythological figuresAbia, nursemaid of Glenus, a son of HeraclesAbrota, wife of Nisos, king of MegaraAcacallis, daughter of Minos, king of CreteAcallaris, daughter of EumedesAcamas, son of Antenor (Ἀκάμα&sigmaf;), a son of Antenor who fought in the Trojan war on the side of TroyAcamas, son of Theseus (Ἀκάμα&sigmaf;), a son of Theseus who fought with the Greeks during the Trojan WarAcarnan(Ἀκαρνάν), a son of Alcmaeon and CallirrhoeAchaeus(Ἀχαιό&sigmaf;), progenitor of the AchaeansAcoetes, a priest of DionysusAcraepheus, a son of ApolloActaeon, a hunter transformed into a stag by Artemis and devoured by his own houndsActor(Άκτωρ), the name of several mythological figuresAegiale(Αἰγιαλεία), unfaithful wife of DiomedesAegialeus, the name of several mythological figuresAepytus, the name of several mythological figuresAëdon, daughter of Pandareus, changed into a nightingaleAërope, the name of several mythological figuresAesacus, a son of Priam who was transformed into a birdAethalides, herald of the ArgonautsAethilla, sister of Priam, king of TroyAethra(Αἴθρα), mother of TheseusAetolus, a son of Endymion, eponym of AetoliaAgamede, the name of several mythological figuresAgamedes, a famed architectAgapenor, leader of the Arcadians during the Trojan WarAgastrophus, a Paeonian ally of the TrojansAgave, mother of Cadmus and worshipper of DionysusAgelaus(Ageláos), the name of several mythological figuresAglaea(Αγλαΐα), the name of several mythological figuresAglaulus, the name of several mythological figuresAgrius, the name of several mythological figuresAgron, a son of Eumelus who was transformed into a plover for disrespecting Hermes, Athena and ArtemisAlcaeus(Ἀλκαίο&sigmaf;), the name of several mythological figuresAlcathous, the name of several mythological figuresAlcidice, wife of Salmoneus, king of ElisAlcimache, the name of several mythological figuresAlcimede, wife of Aeson and mother of JasonAlcimedon, the name of several mythological figuresAlcimus, the name of several mythological figuresAlcinoe, the name of several mythological figuresAlcmene(Ἀλκμήνη), mother of HeraclesAlcyone(Ἀλκυών or Ἀλκυόνη), daughter of Aeolus and wife of CeyxAlmus, one of the sons of SisyphusAloeus, the name of several mythological figuresAlope, a woman seduced by Poseidon in the form of a kingfisherAlphesiboea, the name of several mythological figuresAlthaea(Ἀλθαία), mother of MeleagerAlthaemenes, son of Catreus, king of Crete; it was prophesied he would be killed by his own sonAmarynceus, a chief of the EleansAmethystos, a maiden that was changed into amethystAmphidamas(Ἀμφιδάμα&sigmaf;), the name of several mythological figuresAmphimachus(Ἀμφίμαχο&sigmaf;), the name of several mythological figuresAmphinome, the name of several mythological figuresAmphinomus(Ἀμφίνομο&sigmaf;), a son of Nisos and one of Penelope's suitors during the OdysseyAmphion, the name of several mythological figuresAmphithea(Ἀμφιθέα), the name of several mythological figuresAmyclas(Ἀμύκλα&sigmaf;), the name of several mythological figuresAmyntor(Ἀμύντωρ), the name of several mythological figuresAmythaon, a son of Cretheus, father of Melampus and BiasAnaxarete, a Cypriot maiden turned to stone by Aphrodite for refusing her suitor's advancesAnaxibia, the name of several mythological figuresAnaxo, mother of AlcmeneAncaeus, the name of two separate Argonauts, each of whom was killed by a boarAnchialus(Ἀγχίαλο&sigmaf;), the name of several mythological figuresAndraemon, the name of several mythological figuresAndreus, son of the river-god PeneusAndrogeus, a son of Minos, king of CreteAntenor(Ἀντήνωρ), a counsellor of PriamAnticlus, one of the Greek warriors who hid inside the Trojan HorseAnticlea, mother of OdysseusAntilochus(Ἀντίλοχο&sigmaf;), a son of Nestor who participated in the Trojan WarAntimachus(Αντίμαχο&sigmaf;), the name of several mythological figuresAntinoe, the name of several mythological figuresAntinous, one of the most prominent and disrespectful suitors of Penelope during the OdysseyAntion, father of IxionAntiphates, the name of several mythological figuresAntiphus, the name of several mythological figuresApemosyne, a daughter of Catreus who was raped by HermesAphareus, founder of the city Arene in MesseniaApheidas, the name of several mythological figuresApis, the name of several mythological figuresApsyrtus, a son of Aeëtes, murdered by his sister MedeaArcas(Αρκά&sigmaf;), son of Zeus and CallistoArceophon, a Phoenician man who committed suicide after being spurned by his belovedArcesilaus, one of the Greek leaders in the Trojan WarAreithous, the name of several mythological figuresAretaon, the name of several mythological figuresArete, wife of AlcinousArganthone, famed huntress and lover of RhesusArge, the name of several mythological figuresArgea, daughter of Adrastus and wife of PolynicesArgia, the name of several mythological charactersArgynnus, beloved of AgamemnonAristodemus(Ἀριστόδημο&sigmaf;), a descendent of Heracles who helped lead the Dorian InvasionAristomachus(Ἀριστόμαχο&sigmaf;), the name of several mythological figuresAsius, the name of two people who fought during the Trojan WarAspalis, a maiden of Melite, Phthia associated with a local cult of ArtemisAsterodia, the name of several mythological figuresAsteropaios, a Paeonian ally of the TrojansAsterope, the name of several mythological figuresAstyanassa, Helen of Troy's maidAstyanax(Ἀστυάναξ), infant son of Hector and Andromache, killed during the Sack of TroyAstydameia(Ἀστυδάμεια), the name of several mythological figuresAstynome, the name of several mythological figuresAstyoche, the name of several mythological figuresAstypalaea(Ἀστυπάλαια), a lover of PoseidonAtrax, founder of Atracia in ThessalyAtymnius, the name of several mythological figuresAuge, mother of the hero TelephusAutochthe, a daughter of Perseus and Andromeda who married AegeusAutolycus, a son of HermesAutomedon(Αυτομέδων), Achilles' charioteerAutonoë, daughter of Cadmus and mother of ActaeonAutonous, man transformed by the gods into a Stone CurlewAxylus, a participant in the Trojan War who fought on the side of TroyBatea, wife of Dardanus and mother of IlusBaubo, an old woman who jested with Demeter while the goddess was mourning the loss of PersephoneBaucis, a virtuous old woman whose hospitality the gods rewardedBianna, a Cretan woman who migrated to Gaul and disappeared in a chasm of the earthBienor, the name of several mythological figuresBiston, a son of Ares and eponym of Bistonia in ThraceBormus, a Mariandynian youth abducted by nymphsBorus, the name of several mythological figuresBotres, a son of Eumelus, transformed into a bee-eaterBudeia, a Boeotian princess who led an army against ThebesBriseus, father of BriseisBroteas, a son of TantalusBucolion, illegitimate son of the Trojan king Laomedon and half-brother of PriamBuphagus, a son of IapetusBura, a daughter of IonButes, the name of several mythological figuresByblis, a woman who fell in love with her twin brotherCalesius, Axylus' charioteerCaletor, the name of two men involved in the Trojan WarCallidice, queen of Thesprotiaand wife of OdysseusCallithyia, the first priestess of HeraCalyce, the name of several mythological figuresCalydon, eponym of Calydon, AetoliaCanace, a daughter of Aeolus and lover of PoseidonCanethus, the name of several mythological figuresCanthus, the name of several mythological figuresCapaneus, an arrogant warrior who was struck down by ZeusCapys, the name of several mythological figuresCarius, a son of Zeus believed to have learned music from nymphsCarystus, son of ChironCassiopeia, a vain Ethiopian queen, punished by Poseidon for her hubrisCaucon, the name of several mythological figuresCaunus, a son of Miletus who fled from his twin sister's incestuous advancesCebriones, an illegitimate son of PriamCeltine, a Celtic princess and lover of HeraclesCerambus, a talented yet arrogant singer who was transformed into a beetleCerdo, wife of PhoroneusCestrinus, son of Helenus and AndromacheCeyx, husband of AlcyoneChaeresilaus, son of IasiusChalciope, the name of several mythological figuresChalcodon, the name of several mythological figuresCharops, the name of several mythological figuresChelone, changed into a tortoise by HermesChione, daughter of Arcturus, a lover of BoreasChione, daughter of Callirrhoe, a woman transformed by Hermes into a snow cloudChione, daughter of Daedalion, mother of Philammon and Autolycus by Apollo and Hermes respectivelyChloris, the name of several mythological figuresChromia, daughter of ItonusChrysanthis, a woman who told Demeter of the abduction of PersephoneChryseis, a woman enslaved as a war prize by Agamemnon, who was later forced to return herChryses, a priest of Apollo and father of ChryseisChrysippe, the name of several mythological figuresChrysothemis, the name of several mythological figuresChthonia, the name of several mythological figuresChthonius, the name of several mythological figuresChthonophyle, a daughter of Sicyon and wife of PhliasCilix, founder of CiliciaCilla, the name of several mythological figuresCleite, the name of several mythological figuresCleitus, the name of several mythological figuresCleoboea, the name of several mythological figuresCleobule, the name of several mythological figuresCleodaeus, a grandson of HeraclesCleopatra, wife of MeleagerClinis, a Babylonian man, transformed into a birdClonius, the name of several mythological figuresClymenus, the name of several mythological figuresClytie, the name of several mythological figuresClytius, the name of several mythological figuresClytodora, the name of several mythological figuresClytus, the name of several mythological figuresCoeranus, the name of several mythological figuresComaetho, the name of several mythological figuresCoön, a son of Antenor who fell against AgamemnonCopreus, herald of EurystheusCoresus, the name of several mythological figuresCoronis, the name of several mythological figuresCragaleus, a man transformed into stone by ApolloCrete, the name of several mythological figuresCreusa, the name of several mythological figuresCrino, the name of several mythological figuresCrisus, founder of the town of CrissaCtesippus, the name of several mythological figuresCtesylla, a maiden of IoulisCtimene, younger sister of OdysseusCyanippus, the name of several mythological figuresCychreus, son of Poseidon and SalamisCycnus, the name of several mythological figures, most of whom were transformed into swansCydippe, the name of several mythological figuresCydon, the name of several mythological figuresCynurus, a son of PerseusCyparissus, a boy beloved by Apollo and transformed into a cypress tree after his deathDaedalion, a man transformed by Apollo into a hawkDaedalus, a skilled inventor and artisanDascylus, the name of several mythological figuresDeileon, the name of several mythological figuresDeimachus, the name of several mythological figuresDeioneus(Δηιονεύ&sigmaf;) or Deion (Δηίων), the name of several mythological figuresDeiphobus, a son of Priam and Hecuba who fought in the Trojan WarDeipyle, wife of Tydeus and mother of DiomedesDelphus, the name of several mythological figuresDemodice, the name of several mythological figuresDemonassa, the name of several mythological figuresDemonice, the name of several mythological figuresDemophon of Eleusis, a son of Celeus, king of Eleusis, whom Demeter attempted and failed to immortaliseDeucalion, survivor of the DelugeDexamenus, the name of several mythological figuresDia, mother of PirithoösDictys, the name of several mythological figuresDimoetes, brother of TroezenDiocles, the name of several mythological figuresDiomede, the name of several mythological figuresDirce, wife of LycusDius, the name of several mythological figuresDolius, a slave of PenelopeDolon, a fast runner who fought for Troy in the Trojan WarDolops, the name of several mythological figuresDorus, progenitor of the DoriansDotis, the name of several mythological figuresDryas, the name of several mythological figuresDryope, a woman transformed into a black poplarDymas, the name of several mythological figuresEchion, the name of several mythological figuresEioneus, the name of several mythological figuresElectryone, a daughter of Helios and RhodeEleius, the name of several mythological figuresEleuther, the name of several mythological figuresElpenor, a crew member of Odysseus, who died in an accident; his shade approached Odysseus in the Underworld to beg him for a proper burialElymus, progenitor of the ElymiansEmathion, the name of several mythological figuresEnarete, wife of AeolusEndeïs, daughter of ChironEndymion, eternally sleeping lover of the moon goddess SeleneEnyeus, the name of several mythological charactersEpeius, the name of several mythological figuresEpicasta, the name of several mythological figuresEpidaurus, eponymous hero of the city EpidaurusEpipole, a woman that went to Trojan War in disguise of a manEpirus, daughter of Agave and Echion, after whom the region of Epirus was namedEpistrophus, the name of several mythological figuresEpochus, the name of several mythological charactersEreuthalion, the name of several mythological figuresEribotes, one of the ArgonautsEriopis, the name of several mythological figuresEriphyle, mother of Alcmaeon and wife of AmphiarausErymanthus, the name of several mythological figuresEuippe, the name of several mythological figuresEuchenor, the name of several mythological figuresEulimene, a Cretan girl who was put to death after having an affair with a man other than her betrothedEumaeus, Odysseus' loyal swineherdEumedes, the name of several mythological figuresEuphorion, the son of Achilles and HelenEurops, the name of several mythological figuresEuryalus, the name of several mythological figuresEuryanassa, the name of several mythological figuresEurybates, herald of the Greek armies and squire to Odysseus during the Trojan WarEurycleia, the wet-nurse of OdysseusEurycyda, a lover of PoseidonEurydamas, the name of several mythological figuresEurylochus, the second-in-command of Odysseus' ship during the return to Ithaca after the Trojan WarEurymachus, the name of several mythological figuresEurymedon, the name of several mythological figuresEurymedousa, the name of several mythological figuresEurypyle, the name of several mythological figuresEurypylus, the name of several mythological figuresEuryte, daughter of HippodamasEurythemis, the name of several mythological figuresEurythemista, the name of several mythological figuresEurytion, the name of several mythological figuresEurytus, the name of several mythological figuresEvaechme, the name of several mythological figuresEvippus, the name of several mythological figuresGalanthis, servant and friend of Alcmene, who foiled Hera's plan to prevent Heracles' birth and was transformed into a weasel in punishmentGerana, a Pygmy queen changed into a craneGorge, the name of several mythological figuresGorgophone, daughter of Perseus and AndromedaGuneus, the name of several mythological figuresHaemon, son of Creon and EurydiceHalaesus, the name of several mythological figuresHalirrhothius, a son of Poseidon who was murdered by AresHarpalion, the name of several mythological figuresHecamede, daughter of Arsinoös who was captured and given to Nestor as a servantHeleus, a son of Perseus and AndromedaHenioche, the name of several mythological figuresHerippe, a woman from Miletus, abducted by the GaulsHermippe, wife of Orchomeus and mother of Minyas by PoseidonHero and Leander, star-crossed loversHippocoön, the name of several mythological figuresHippodamas, the name of several mythological figuresHippodamia, wife of PelopsHippolytus, a son of TheseusHippotes, the name of several mythological figuresHippothoe, the name of several mythological figuresHippothous, the name of several mythological figuresHodites, the name of several mythological figuresHodoedocus, son of Cynus, father of OileusHyacinthus, a lover of Apollo changed into a flowerHyacinthus of Lacedaemon, father of four daughters who were sacrificed to avert plagueHylas, arms bearer to HeraclesHyllus, son of Heracles and DeianiraHyperenor, the name of several mythological figuresHyperippe, the name of several mythological figuresHypermnestra, the name of several mythological figuresHyperphas, father of Euryganeiaand EuryanassaHypsenor, the name of several mythological charactersHyrmine, the wife of PhorbasHyrnetho, the wife of DeiphontesIalmenus, a son of Ares who sailed with the ArgonautsIasus, the name of several mythological figuresIcarius, the name of several mythological figuresIcarus, the son of Daedalus, who fell to his deathIlione, daughter of Priam and wife of PolymestorIlioneus, the name of several mythological figuresImbrius, a son-in-law of PriamIodame, daughter of Itonus, turned to stone by AthenaIole, daughter of EurytusIon, son of Apollo and Creusa, wife of XuthusIphianassa, the name of several mythological figuresIphianeira, the name of several mythological figuresIphicles, the name of several mythological figuresIphidamas, the name of several mythological figuresIphimedeia, a lover of PoseidonIphinoe, the name of several mythological figuresIphitus, the name of several mythological figuresIphthime, the name of several mythological figuresItonus, son of Amphictyon and founder of a shrine to AthenaLamedon, a son of Coronus of SicyonLampus, the name of several mythological figuresLaodamas, the name of several mythological figuresLaodamia, the name of several mythological figuresLaodice, a daughter of PriamLaonome, the name of several mythological figuresLaophoon, a Paeonian ally of the Trojans in the Trojan WarLaothoe, the name of several mythological figuresLapithes, eponym of the LapithsLeitus, a leader of the Achaean forces during the Trojan WarLeos, name of two Attic heroesLepreus, a grandson of Poseidon and an enemy of HeraclesLeucippus, the name of several mythological figuresLeucon, the name of several mythological figuresLeuconoe, the name of several mythological figuresLeucophrye, daughter of Mandrolytus; she betrayed her city for the love of a manLeucus, the name of several mythological figuresLityerses, a son of Midas killed by Heracles, and eponym of a kind of reaping songsLophis, the young son of a Boeotian kingLycaon of Troy, a son of Priam, killed by AchillesLycaste, the name of several mythological figuresLycastus, the name of several mythological figuresLycorus, the name of several mythological figuresLycurgus of Thrace, a king of the Edoni in ThraceLysianassa, the name of several mythological figuresLysimache, the name of several mythological figuresLysippe, the name of several mythological figuresMachaon, a physician and son of Asclepius who fought on the side of the Greeks in the Trojan WarMaeon, the name of several mythological figuresMagnes, the name of several mythological figuresMecisteus, son of Talaus who participated in the war of the Seven Against ThebesMeda, the name of several mythological figuresMedôn, the name of several mythological figuresMegapenthes, the name of several mythological figuresMelanippus, the name of several mythological figuresMelantho, a disloyal servant of PenelopeMelas, the name of several mythological figuresMeliboea, the name of several mythological figuresMelicertes, son of Athamas and Ino who was transformed into the marine god PalaemonMelite, an eponymous heroine of a deme in AtticaMemphis, eponym of Memphis, EgyptMenippe, a daughter of Orion who was transformed into a cometMessene, an ambitious Argive princess for whom Messenia was namedMetaneira, wife of Celeus, king of EleusisMetioche, a daughter of Orion who was transformed into a cometMestor, the name of several mythological figuresMestra, daughter of Erysichthonwho possessed the gift of shape-shiftingMiletus, a son of Apollo and founder of the city MiletusMinyas, founder of Orchomenus in BoeotiaMunichus, the name of several mythological figures.Myrina, the name of several mythological figuresMyrmidon, eponymous progenitor of the MyrmidonsMyrmidone, the name of several mythological figuresMyrrha, the mother of AdonisMyrtilus, charioteer of OenomausMyrto, the name of several mythological figuresMysius, an Argive who offered hospitality to DemeterMytilene, the name of several mythological figuresNarcissus, a young man who fell in love with his own reflectionNaubolus, the name of several mythological figuresNausicaa, a Phaeacian princess who aided OdysseusNausithous, the name of several mythological figuresNeoptolemus, a son of AchillesNicippe, the name of several mythological figuresNireus, an Achaean leader during the Trojan War, renowned for his beautyNyctimene, a woman transformed by Athena into an owlNyctimus, a son of Lycaon who was killed and served up as a meal to ZeusOenoe, the name of several mythological charactersOenone, the first wife of Paris, whom he abandoned in favour of HelenOenotrus, a son of LycaonOlenus, the name of several mythological figuresOmphale, a queen of Lydia to whom Heracles was required to become a slave for the period of a yearOncius, a son of Apollo and eponymous hero of Oncium, ArcadiaOrion, a hunter whom Zeus placed among the stars as the constellation of OrionOrnytion, a son of Sisyphus and ruler over CorinthOrnytus, the name of several mythological figuresOrsilochus, the name of several mythological figuresOthryoneus, a suitor of CassandraOxylus, the name of several mythological figuresPaeon (father of Agastrophus), a Paeonian, father of Agastrophus and LaophoonPaeon (son of Antilochus), a Messenian noblePaeon (son of Endymion), eponym of PaeoniaPaeon (son of Poseidon) by Helle, sister of PhrixusPallene, the name of several mythological figuresPandaie, a daughter of Heracles in IndiaPandareus, a friend of Tantalus who got involved into the latter's impious deedsPandarus, a Trojan archer who fought in the Trojan WarPandora II, a daughter of Deucalion and PyrrhaPanopeus, a son of PhocusPanthous, an elder of TroyParis, a son of Priam whose abduction of Helen resulted in the Trojan WarParthenopeus, one of the Seven Against ThebesPatroclus, a comrade of Achilles who was killed by Hector during the Trojan WarPeirous, a Thracian ally of the TrojansPeisenor, the name of several mythological figuresPeisidice, the name of several mythological figuresPeisistratus, the youngest son of NestorPelopia, the name of several mythological figuresPeneleos, an Achaean soldier in the Trojan WarPenthilus, the name of several mythological figuresPeriboea, the name of several mythological figuresPerigune, daughter of Sinis and lover of TheseusPerileos, the name of several mythological figuresPeriphas, the name of several mythological figuresPeriphetes, the name of several mythological figuresPerimede, the name of several mythological figuresPerimedes, the name of several mythological figuresPhaenops, the name of several mythological figuresPhaëton, a son of Helios who lost control of his father's sun chariot and was struck down by Zeus to prevent disasterPhalerus, a son of Alcon who sailed with the ArgonautsPharis, a son of Hermes and founder of Pharae in MessenePhemius, an Ithacan poet who performs in the house of OdysseusPhialo, a lover of HeraclesPhocus, the name of several mythological figuresPhilemon, a virtuous old man who was rewarded by ZeusPhiloctetes, a famed archer who participated in the Trojan WarPhlias, a son of Dionysus who sailed with the ArgonautsPhocus, a son of Aeacus, killed by his brothers Peleus and TelemonPhoenix, one of the Myrmidons who participated in the Trojan WarPhorbas, the name of several mythological figuresPhorcys, a Phrygian ally of Priam in the Trojan WarPhrastor, the name of several mythological figuresPhrixus, a son of Athamas and Nephele, rescued by Chrysomallus, the ram with the golden fleecePhrontis, a son of Phrixus who sailed with the ArgonautsPhylacus, the name of several mythological figuresPhylas, the name of several mythological figuresPhyleus, son of AugeasPhyllis, wife of Demophon of AthensPhysadeia, the name of several mythological figuresPhyscoa, member of the Sixteen Womenand lover of DionysusPhytalus, an Attic hero encountered by DemeterPleuron, eponym of Pleuron, AetoliaPlexippus, the name of several mythological charactersPodalirius, a healer and son of Asclepius who participated in the Trojan WarPolites, the name of several mythological figuresPolyboea, the name of several mythological figuresPolycaon, the name of several mythological figuresPolycaste, the name of several mythological figuresPolydorus, the name of several mythological figuresPolymele, the name of several mythological figuresPolypheides, the name of several mythological figuresPolystratus, a youth of Dyme, AchaeaPolyxenus, the name of several mythological figuresPolyxo, the name of several mythological figuresPraxithea, the name of several mythological figuresProclia, daughter of Laomedon, sister of Priam and wife of CycnusProcrustes, a rogue smith and bandit from Attica who attacked peoplePromedon, possibly a follower of OrpheusPronax, a brother of AdrastusProsymnus, a shepherd who aided Dionysus in rescuing Semele from HadesProtesilaus, the first Greek soldier to die at TroyProthoenor, one of the Greek leaders in the Trojan WarPsophis, the name of several mythological figuresPterelaos, the name of several mythological figuresPygmalion, a sculptor who fell in love with his own creationPylaeus, a Pelasgian ally of the TrojansPylaemenes, an Enetian ally of the TrojansPyraechmes, a Paeonian ally of the TrojansPyramus, tragic lover of Thisbe, on whom Shakespeare's Romeo is basedPyrrha, wife of DeucalionRarus, a possible father of TriptolemusRhadine and Leontichus, star-crossed loversRhoeo, a lover of ApolloSaon, the name of several mythological figuresSchedius, the name of several mythological figuresScylaceus, a Lycian ally of the TrojansSelemnus, a man who loved the sea nymph ArgyraSidero, stepmother of TyroSocus, the name of several mythological figuresSolymus, ancestral hero of the Solymi tribe in LyciaSostratus, a beloved of HeraclesSparta, wife of Lacedaemon for whom the city of Sparta was namedStaphylus, the name of several mythological figuresStentor, a herald of the Greek forces during the Trojan WarStheneboea, daughter of Iobates and consort of ProteusSthenele, the name of several mythological figuresSthenelus, the name of several mythological figuresStratonice, the name of several mythological figuresStrophius, the name of several mythological figuresSyleus, a Lydian who forced people to dig his vineyard and was killed by HeraclesSyme, eponym of the island SymeTecmessa, the name of several mythological figuresTegeates, founder of TegeaTelecleia, a daughter of Ilus and wife of CisseusTelegonus, son of Circe and OdysseusTelemachus, son of Odysseus and Penelope, and a central character in the OdysseyTeleon, father of Butes and EribotesTelephassa, wife of Agenor and mother of CadmusTenes, eponymous hero of TenedosTermerus, a bandit killed by HeraclesTheiodamas, the name of several mythological figuresThemiste, a daughter of Ilus and mother of AnchisesThemisto, third wife of AthamasTheobule, the name of several mythological figuresTheonoe, the name of several mythological figuresTheophane, a lover of Poseidon, changed into an eweThero, the name of several mythological figuresThersander, the name of several mythological figuresThersites, a soldier of the Greek army during the Trojan WarThespius, founder-king of Thespiae, BoeotiaThestius, father of IphiclesThestor, the name of several mythological figuresThisbe, tragic lover of Pyramus, on whom Shakespeare's Juliet is basedThoas, a leader of the Aetolian armies during the Trojan WarThoön, the name of several mythological figuresThrasymedes, soldier who fought on the side of the Greeks in the Trojan WarThymoetes, the name of several mythological figuresTimandra, daughter of Leda and TyndareusTithonus, lover of Eos, granted immortality but not eternal youthTlepolemus, a son of Heracles who fought in the Trojan War of the side of the GreeksToxeus, the name of several mythological charactersTrambelus, a son of Telamon and half-brother of AjaxTrochilus, possible inventor of the chariot linked to cults of Hera and DemeterTroezen, a son of Pelops and eponym of the city TroezenTrophonius, an architect, brother of AgamedesTydeus, father of Diomedes and one of the Seven Against ThebesTyres, the name of several mythological figuresTyro, daughter of SalmoneusUcalegon, an elder of TroyXanthippe, the name of several mythological figuresXanthius, a descendent of Bellerophon and father of LeucippusXanthus, the name of several mythological figuresXuthus, a son of Hellen and Orseis and father of Ion and AchaeusZarex, a son of Carystus and founder of the town Zarex in LaconiaZetes, an Argonaut and son of BoreasZeuxippe, the name of several mythological figuresZeuxippus, the name of several mythological figures

Why dynastic rule why is it important for rulers to persuade their subjects that their rule is lawful?

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