It would increase warfare because the people would fight over the scarce resources.
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Between the Tigris and the Euphrates river
Development of trade routes.
Pharaohs added more waterways and dam. They increased the amount of land being farmed and built canal between the Nile river and the Red sea.
The land was mountainous with patches of arable land in between. Nomadic tribes would seize a patch of land to settle on, build a fortress, and a city would grow up at its centre, creating a city-state in its own patch of land, which it defended from neighbouring cities.
Between Rivers or land in between rivers