Raphael was for some time employed as the architect of St Peter's in the Vatican, which was later continued by Michelangelo. Raphael was also in charge of the antique monuments in Rome.
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'Before Raphael'. The Pre-Raphaelites were a group of British artists in the 1850's. They believed that the Classical poses and elegant compositions of Raphael in particular had been a corrupting influence on the academic teaching of art. Hence the name "Pre-Raphaelite" The group had nothing against Raphael as such. They thought he was a genius. But they were against the teaching of structured painting that had developed in the art establishment based on his work, such as triangular compositions which had almost turned art into an exercise in geometry, and the PRB considered it corrupting the Royal Academy and art in general. The 'ite' in the term Pre-Raphaelite is important. It shows that it was not Raphael that they disliked, but his followers/imitators.
It is a favorite subject in Christian art. Many artists have painted it. For instance Raphael, Titian, Rubens, Murillo, ...
By giving us beautiful paintings, which have inspired other artists.
No Raphael was not a Spanish explorer. He was a famous architect and painter of the Renaissance [1483 - 1520] and his full name is Raphael Sanzio
Hr was technically perfect in drawing and coloring, a devout Christian, a master in portraying character, etc. He distilled the best from his great contemporaries Leonardo and Michelangelo. His art was seen as an ideal for coming generations of painters.