Because real objects have shadows, so an artist must paint shadows to make flat objects look more real.
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Chiaroscuro
They gave figures a sense of form by using chiaroscuro.
Chiaroscuro is the use of value contrasts to replicate dimension. Artists make the lightest parts of a subject white, and the darkest shadows black. It is an illusion technique which helps 2-dimensional art portray 3-dimensional subjects.
tenebroso is an extreme form of chiaroscuro.
tenebroso is an extreme form of chiaroscuro.