Chapter 8: Reforming American Society

An evangelist who was one of the greatest preachers of all time (spoke in New York City). He also made the "anxious bench" for sinners to pray and was was against slavery and alcohol.

American transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. He was a prime example of a transcendentalist and helped further the movement.

founded by Emerson, strong emphasis on spiritual unity (God, humanity, and nature), literature with strong references to nature

American transcendentalist who was against a government that supported slavery. He wrote down his beliefs in Walden. He started the movement of civil-disobedience when he refused to pay the toll-tax to support the Mexican War.

Rights activist on behalf of mentally ill patients - created first wave of US mental asylums

United States abolitionist who published an anti-slavery paper "The Liberator"

The immediate freeing of slaves with no payment to slaveholders (the idea of "The Liberator"

He was a black abolitionist who called for the immediate emancipation of slaves. He wrote the "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World." It called for a bloody end to white supremacy. He believed that the only way to end slavery was for slaves to physically revolt.

United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and lecturer in the North (1817-1895)

Slave in Virginia who started a slave rebellion in 1831 believing he was receiving signs from God His rebellion was the largest sign of black resistance to slavery in America and led the state legislature of Virginia to a policy that said no one could question slavery.

any time before the civil war (pre-civil war)

the ideal woman was seen as a tender, self-sacrificing caregiver who provided a nest for her children and a peaceful refuge for her husband, social customs that restricted women to caring for the house

Sisters who became active and outspoken abolitionists and ignored attacks by men who claimed that their activism was inappropriate to their gender. The argued that men and women were created equal.

Kicked off the equal-rights-for-women campaign led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (travelled throughout the country arguing for abolition)

The merchant loans raw materials to several cottage workers, who processed the raw materials in their own homes and returned the finished product to the merchant.

most experienced in factories

skilled workers employed by masters

Began to seek better wages, working conditions, and job security - resented by bankers and owners (threatened them by forming unions of their own)