Chapter 12: Reconstruction and Its Effects

the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union and they began to rebuild (1865-1877)

Political party that favored harsh punishment of Southern states after civil war (proposed laws to ensure African American rights)

Man behind the 14th Amendment, which ends slavery. Stevens and President Johnson were absolutely opposed to each other. Known as a Radical Republican

an 1864 plan for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office for anyone who had fought for the Confederacy...Lincoln refused to sign this bill thinking it was too harsh.

The bureau's focus was to provide food, medical care, administer justice, manage abandoned and confiscated property, regulate labor, and establish schools. (assisted former slaves and poor whites in the south)

made "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" citizens of the country (provided a constitutional basis for the Civil Rights Act)

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

A derogatory term applied to Northerners who migrated south during the Reconstruction to take advantage of opportunities to advance their own fortunes by buying up land from desperate Southerners and by manipulating new black voters to obtain lucrative government contracts.

Black Mississippi senator elected to the seat that had been occupied by Jefferson Davis when the South seceded (first African-American senator)

system in which landowners leased a few acres of land to farmworkers in return for a portion of their crops

system of farming in which a person rents land to farm from a planter

founded in the 1860s in the south; meant to control newly freed slaves through threats and violence; other targets: Catholics, Jews, immigrants and others thought to be un-American

Four year economic depression caused by overspeculation on railroads and western lands, and worsened by Grant's poor fiscal response (refusing to coin silver)

southern democrats' term for their return to power in the south in the 1870s

19th president of the united states, was famous for being part of the Hayes-Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, most corrupt election in US history

Hayes' opponent in the 1876 presidential race, he was the Democratic nominee who had gained fame for putting Boss Tweed behind bars. He collected 184 of the necessary 185 electoral votes.

ability to run state governments without the interference of the federal government

The use of both gold and silver as a basis for a national monetary system

created big markets (monopolies), unions form, strikes emerge. Carnegie and Rockafeller emerge

gave manufacturers a cheap way to transport, created hundreds of thousands of jobs