NATO

1949

An organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security.

A Russian council composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers.

12 countries originally founded NATO. These countries included: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States

March 1948

The Mutual Defense Assistance Act was a United States Act of Congress signed by President Harry S. Truman on 6 October 1949. For US Foreign policy, it was the first U.S. military foreign aid legislation of the Cold War era.

The Secretary General is NATO's chief spokesperson. They lead NATO through discussions and ensure decisions are implemented.

Each member nation is represented by an Ambassador or Permanent Representative supported by a national delegation composed of advisers and officials who represent their country on different NATO committees. The Council also meets from time to time at the level of Heads of State and Heads of Government or Ministers of Foreign Affairs and Ministers of Defense.

Several countries have developed partnerships with NATO without becoming full members. NATO's goal is to create dialogues between countries and help solve international conflicts. Some countries that have or have had partnerships with NATO include Russia and Ukraine. These countries are represented by Heads of Diplomatic Missions or Liaison Offices located at the NATO Headquarters.

The concept that allied nations agree to defend one another in the face of an invasion. NATO was founded on this idea. NATO wants to increase international solidarity to prevent conflicts.

This article declares that when the need arises, member nations will engage in collective defense to help ally nations. It has only been implemented once and that was during 9/11.

NATO intervened in conflicts in these two countries that were formerly Yugoslavia.

NATO has also been working to prevent the growth of terrorist groups in this region.

A current issue of concern, NATO has worked to improve this situation in the past two years.

Each member country has agreed to use at least 2% of the GPD for military funding. Each country contributes military forces and supplies when involved in NATO missions. (There is currently conflict of interest because not every country has met the 2% budget agreement and the U.S. is putting 3.6% of the GPD into U.S Military forces. Trump has expressed that other countries need to step it up.)

NATO has been working to maintain cyber security for member nations.

Soviet Union

Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.

He proposed that the president seek a security treaty with western Europe outside of the U.N.

The U.S wanted to increase military presence in other countries to facilitate military action throughout Europe.

"Active Engagement, Modern Defense" This Strategic Concept affirmed NATO's crisis aversion tactics and stances on preventing nuclear conflicts and promotes global cooperation.

An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO

To be able to contain communist ideas in Europe and have military influence in European countries.

SHAPE stands for Supreme Headquarters of Allied Powers in Europe.SHAPE was the headquarters of NATO.

A policy of non participation in international economic and political relations.

Piracy on the horn of Africa and Taliban resurgence in Afghanistan.

Russian intervention in Ukraine.

1991

Wanted to expand NATO to increase security and military influence.

Feared expansion would dilute alliance.

Believed expansion would give NATO too much influence. Wanted to include/integrate Soviet states.

Expansion was inevitable. "Only question is of when and where"

President Clinton announced in 1993 a policy that allowed for the gradual admission into NATO of new member nations from the former Warsaw Pact and gave the designation of associate status in NATO to Russia.

Brussels, Belgium

NATO's first combat mission was in April 1994. It was called Operation Deny Flight. Nobody could fly over Bosnia and NATO shot down 4 Serbian aircraft.

Peacekeeping in Kosovo

The North Atlantic Council.

The UN approved a security force to assist Afghan government.

11 August 2003

Stabilization and reconstruction of Afghanistan. Some members wanted to avoid conflicts, but troops from US, UK, and Canada engaged in fighting.

December 2014

In 1997, this act opened the door for dialogue. There is still mistrust.

NATO wants Ukraine and Georgia to join. Russia doesn't like that.

NATO says it's used to guard against limited missile attacks. Russia thinks it might be used to attack west.

A new rapid reaction force located in Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Romania

30,000 troops

Flying over Poland and the Baltic States. Interception of Russian warplanes over 400 times.

Ukraine is not a member of NATO.

Through air and sea support. Also through training and providing capacity-building support. African Standby Force (ASF) is a task force to be deployed if the AU needs help in a crisis.

NATO has deployed air forces over Albania, Montenegro, and Sloveina