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What obstacle did Constantine have to overcome before he became sole emperor?
Constanine had to overcome a system we call the tetrarchy, where the roman empire was ruled by 4 emperors, Constantine was one of these and he successfully defeated his colleagues to become the sole emperor.
Did the halves of the Roman empire attack each other?
The eastern and western parts of the Roman Empire were two parts of a sole Roman Empire and never attacked each other. They did not attack each other because they were part of the same empire. In fact there ware alternations of periods with co-emperors (with one in charge of the east and one in charge of the west) and periods with a sole emperor for the whole of the empire. In 307 Galerius, the senior emperor in the eastern part, attacked Maxentius, a usurper emperor in Italy. However, this was not an attack of the east on the west. It was an attempt to deal with usurpation. Finding himself in a vulnerable position, Galerius did not engage Maxentius, withdrew from Italy and proclaimed Licinius as senior emperor in the west and Constantine as junior emperor in the west. Maxentius was eventually defeated by Constantine, who, after winning a civil war against Licinius (who had become senior emperor of the eastern part of the empire after the defeat of Maxentius) became the sole emperor of the whole Roman Empire. Theodosius I attacked Magnus Maximus a usurper emperor who took over the provinces of the western part of the Roman Empire except for Italy. Theodosius won. After this the emperor of the western part of the empire, Valentinian II, was found hanging in his room and there was another usurper emperor, Eugenius. Theodosius defeated him and became the sole emperor of the whole of the Roman Empire.
When did Mark Antony become emperor?
Mark Antony never became emperor, as we use the term today. The title "imperator" originally was an honor bestowed on military commanders by the legions after great victories. Many Roman generals were declared imperator by troops, including Mark Antony who ruled as a member of a triumvirate that included Octavian (Ceasar's adopted son and heir) but they had a falling out and later led opposing factions in a civil war. Antony committed suicide after his defeat by Octavian, who cooped the name imperator (from which our emperor derives) as a substitute for king which had negative connotations for the Roman people. Roman dictators served for a set period of years and the office was not hereditary; thus, that office did not suite the purposes of Octavian (later known as Augustus). He had the Roman senate declare him emperor with all the powers of a king, eventually including the hereditary right to pass on his office to his chosen heir. Antony never held sole power equivalent to a king as did Augustus.
Why was Augusta the most able emperor of rome?
Augustus managed to be not only the first Emperor, surviving civil war, but he also was one of the longest ruling. While wielding nearly total power, Augustus was careful to at least pretend he was not actually the sole ruler of the Empire. He cloaked his actions by paying token respect to the senate, having them legally give him his powers. He also took title such as "First Citizen" to emphasize he was merely a Roman citizen, albeit one of higher than normal ranking. But his greatest claim as "ablest of the Emperors of Rome" would be in how he managed to maintain peace through the Empire, quelling civil war, encouraging public works, and running a fiscally sensible policy that left the Treasury with a significant surplus. And he did it while not neglecting his own public image, ensuring most of the Roman populace would look on him with not only respect, but genuine affection, even love.
The Crusades were fought to defeat the Turks and take back which city?
Jerusalem
