Guido d'Arezzo wrote a treatise on music called Micrologus, which is regarded as the second most widely distributed treatise on the subject in the later Middle Ages. But I think the work that would have a name translated as The Fundamentals of Music would have to be de Musica, which was written by Boethius.
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One of the earliest composers whose music we have was Hildegard of Bingen. She wrote a play, composed music for it, and wrote the music down in a notation we can read, so the play can still be performed. Leonin and Perotin were early French composers of polyphonic music. Wolfram von Eschenbach and Walter von der Vogelweide were composers in the tradition of the minnesinger. King Denis of Portugal was a troubadour, who wrote many songs. Of these, we have the lyrics for 137, and the music for a very few.
music
The classical music period is from 1730 to 1820
It comes from music and crescendo means gradually getting louder in music.
No, the Middle Ages was filled with music and the ancient world also had music.