It became more active in the promotion of Catholicism in Europe.
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Under Emperor Constantin, when both empires where still united.
Emperor Diocletian in CE 285. However, the empire was reunified for short periods of time, like the reign of Emperors Constantine, Julian the Apostate, and Theodosius I. Also, the Eastern Empire had re-invaded the Western Empire during the reign of Justinian I and tried to recreate and rebuild the empire, but with his death the Western part of the Byzantine Empire was retaken by Barbarians.
The Roman empire reached its greatest extent under the reign of Trajan.
The era of the Neolithic Revolution and early civilization and the classical era
In 44BC, after the death of Julius Caesar, who had adopted him.