Obviously in Royal and noble households. Princesses and the like. The lady of the Manor- who would be married to the Baron or other lordly nobleman in charge of the castle- well, she had considerable responsibilities and privileges as well. She- and this is more of a job title, rather than a rank like Sergeant or Lieutenant- was called a Chatelaine. May have something to do with Cats- as Chat is cat in French. She was the Lady of the Manor- so to speak.l Probabloy also chief of protocol observing ins and outs of the noble adolescents- don"t want them palling around with peasants, now!
To see information on medieval women, please use the link to the related question below.
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To illustrate this, I did a test. I took the Wikipedia list of queens regnant, who ruled as monarchs, and counted through it, counting the ones in medieval Europe by century. (See link below)
The counts for the sixth through fifteenth centuries are as follows:
6th c. - none
7th c. - none
8th c. - none
9th c. - 2
10th c. - 2
11th c. - 2
12th c. - 5
13th c. - 3
14th c. - 9
15th c. - 5
I also looked to see about female knights. I was able to find women who were knights in two orders, one was founded in 1149, and only continued as long as its members were alive. They were women who had fought and distinguished themselves in a battle in Catalonia. The order was called the Order of the Hatchet. (That must have been some battle!) The other order, the Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary, got its papal charter in 1233 and continued into the Renaissance. The charter clearly states the order is open to women, and that the women are knights, with the same rank as the men. (see link below)
The result is that there seem to be no orders open to female knights until the 12th century, and then orders were open in all centuries after that.
These were the low hanging fruit. I suppose I could try to analyze lists of authors, composers, and so on, but that is a rather big task. Similarly, I could try to find women like Eleanor of Aquitaine who inherited that duchy, or Empress Matilda, who inherited Normandy, but there is no ready list, and lists of the nobility take up volumes.
Nevertheless, there seems to be a clear pattern here, of a change in the status of women with the passing of time.
midlife crisis
During the middle ages noble women had no opportunity no learn how to read and write.
yes a woman did travel in the middle ages
They usually do not exercise.
Medieval men were what they were raised to be. They were taught by fathers and they were taught by mothers also. Men and women accepted the ideas that they were given from antiquity without the types of questioning consideration we have seen since the nineteenth century. They believed their attitudes were right and proper and did not see a reason to change. There is a link below to a question about women's rights in the middle ages.