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Abolishing slavery would have affected the households of the rich and mining. Rich households had many slaves who did domestic and other jobs for them. Miners were slaves because this job was considered a death sentence. It would not have had a significant effect on agricultural production (the mainstay of the economy).

Slaves in antiquity were enslaved war captives. When Rome fought wars of expansion she captured and enslaved many captives. Most of them were bought by the owners of large landed estates to work in their field. However: a) they also employed local seasonal agricultural labourers, b) most of the slaves went to Italy and many areas of the Roman Empire did not have slaves, including Egypt, which was the breadbasket of the empire.

When Rome's imperial expansion stopped, the supply of slaves dwindled as there were no longer war captives. The large landlords came to rely more on local peasants who were hired as labourers or were tenants who paid a rent for their plots of land.

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