You do not specify whether you are referring to the seigneurial system in general or the seigneurial system of New France.
The seigneurial system was located all over kingdoms of Europe. Another term for this is system is manorial system .Seigneur is the French for lord of the manor. These were barons who owned most of the land at the local level.
Political, legal and economic power was vested in the lord of the manor. Economically this was based of the lords' landholdings in a manor (or fief). Peasants were required to offer certain amounts of labour services (corvee labour) on these holdings. Tributes in kind (mostly livestock) were also required. Some of the lord's land was rented. Originally rent came in the form of sharecropping in which the peasants had to give the lords a share of their harvest. Then payments in cash became common. This applied to all peasants who came under the lord's jurisdiction. For a long time the peasants were the serfs of the lord and were not allowed to leave the jurisdiction. However, manorialism outlasted serfdom and feudalism.
The seigneurial system of New France refers to the application manorial system in New France, the French colonies in North America: Quebec in Canada and the American Midwest. The Company of New France was given vast land grants and extensive trade rights in exchange for bringing 4,000 settlers to America. It was located all over the vast French possessions. However, migration to New France was very low, which limited the effectiveness of the system, the amount of land which could be rented out and the economy of the colony.
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Under the feudal system, a piece of land granted by the king to a lord or other noble was known as a fief. The noble would then tithe a portion of the income from the land to the king.
A peasant who is bound to land is a serf, while a fief is an estate granted to a vassal.
A piece of land granted by one lord to another was called a
The Holy Roman Empire controlled its land through a system of feudalism, where the emperor granted land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service. The emperor also appointed local rulers, known as dukes or counts, to govern specific regions on his behalf. Additionally, the empire relied on a complex system of laws and administrative structures to maintain control over its vast territories.
The king who granted land to his nobles to keep for him. He could take it back at anytime.