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The same reason we still do, because as a population grows, its need for fresh water increases and, at a certain point, there are more people living in an area than there is fresh water available in the immediate area, so for the population to be able to sustain or even grow beyond that point, fresh water must somehow be brought in. It was very difficult, in Roman times, to haul water with carts or other mobile means, but aqueducts -- essentially, artificial rivers -- let massive, continuous amounts of fresh water to flow to populated areas to quench the thirst of people and irrigate crops.

Quite simply, to move water from one place to another, specifically from the mountains, where it wasn't needed, to the cities, where it was.
The Roman Aqueducts were built to supply the towns in the Roman Empire with water. They brought waters from the mountain sources to the towns. The name is composed of the words aqua (water in Latin) and duct (pipe, conduit, channel, from the Latin word ductus). Ductus comes for the verb ducere (to lead). Therefore, the word meant to lead the water.

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