What did cross mean in the medieval times?

Answer 1

The cross was primarily a religious symbol for Christianity, but it also had other significance.

In many different forms it appeared in heraldry as a simple "charge" (design) on a shield, being a very conspicuous shape and therefore easy to identify at a distance (the whole purpose of medieval heraldry).

The cross was also used on the reverse of silver pennies produced in England. The obverse carried the head of the reigning king, but the other side normally included a central cross in its design. This is often regarded as a religious symbol, but it had another purpose: the coin could be cut into halves or quarters along the arms of the cross to produce halfpennies (ha'pennies) and farthings. In the 12th century this was common practice since no smaller denomination coins existed.

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