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The invasion of what is now called Belgium was part of Julius Caesar's invasion of Gaul whose area comprised what is now France, Belgium, Holland south of the river Rhine and Germany west of this river. Julius Caesar's Gallic War lasted eight years. He fought against various Gallic peoples and then against a coalition of Gallic peoples who united to confront his military successes. The conquest of Belgium came as a result of defeating the people whom the Romans called Belgae, a Gallic tribe which was one of the fiercest opponents to Caesar. This is the origin of the name Belgium.

It is widely agreed that Julius Caesar wanted to conquer Gaul for personal gain. One of these was political. Being successful in conquering Gaul would give him personal and political prestige in Rome. The other was financial. Caesar was heavily indebted. The booty from the spoils of war would give him the money he needed to pay his debts and would give him wealth.

Caesar's actions occurred long before there was a country called Belgium, which has been in existence only since 1830. Prior to this, the area had never been called Belgium. The area was under Spanish rule for centuries, then it came under the Dutch Kingdom. Belgium was formed as a result of a revolt against the Dutch Kingdom, because Dutch rule in this area was considered oppressive and because of religious differences (between Catholics and Protestants). It was when independence was achieved that the name Belgium was chosen.

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Q: What did the Romans gain by invading Belgium?
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