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EzraThere are two traditions about events which preceded the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in which Constantine the Great defeated Maxentius in 312 AD. According to Lactantius, he was visited by a dream the night before the battle. It advised him "to mark the heavenly sign of God on the shields of his soldiers...by means of a slanted letter X with the top of its head bent round…" According to Eusebius, while marching at midday, Constantine " saw with his own eyes in the heavens a trophy of the cross arising from the light of the sun, carrying the message "with this sign, you will conquer". The following night he had a dream, in which Christ appeared with the same heavenly sign, and told him to make a standard (the labarum) for his army in that form. The labrarium was a military standard with had the "Chi-Rho" symbol on it. This was an early Christian symbol which had a Chi and a Rho superimposed over each other. These were the first two Greek letters for the word Christ (X and P) and symbolised the crucifixion of Jesus. Eusebius was vague about when this occurred. It wrote about this at a point of his narrative on Constantine which was before his war against Maxentius started. Therefore, in this version it might have happened when Constantine was still in Gaul.
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Where did knights come from?
A young man could also become a knight for valor in combat after a battle or sometimes before a battle to help him gain courage.
What did Constantine tell his soldiers to put on their shields?
Constantine put the sign of the cross on the shields of his men before the Battle of Milvian Bridge because it had appeared to him in a dream, a dream he thought had come from God.
How long did Constantine rule Rome?
There was no such thing as a United Roman Empire, no such title ever occurred. There was always just one title: Roman Empire. This empire was never divided. There had been alternations of periods of co-emperorship and periods with a sole emperor. In the early days of co-emperorship, this involved an emperor in charge of the east or west and his son in charge of the other part as a co-emperor. Later there were times when the co-emperors were brothers. Not long before Constantine's bid for power, the emperor Diocletian created the tetrarchy (rule by four) where the empire was ruled by two senior emperors (Augusti, plural, Augustus, singular) and two junior emperors (Caesar(s)). Each of these men was in charge of one the four administrative units of the empire which Diocletian had created: the praetorian prefectures. These were subunits of a sole empire. Constantine was the sole emperor of the Roman Empire for thirteen years, from 324 to his death in 337. In 306 Constantine became the Caesar of the praetorian prefecture of Galliae (Britain, Gaul and Hispania). In 309 he declared himself Augustus of the west, but was not actually in charge of the whole of the west because Maxentius, a usurper, was in charge of the praetorian prefecture of Italia et Africa. In 312 Constantine defeated Maxentius in a civil war and became effectively the Augustus of the west until 324. In 324 he won a civil war against his co-emperor, Licinius, the Augustus of the east, and become sole emperor.
When did rome move from polytheism to monotheism?
It was when the emperor Constantine converted to Christianity. He had actually been a pagan before. In a battle, he saw in the sky the Greek symbol for Christ. Then, he heard Christ say, "In My name, conquer." Right after that, he told all his soldiers to paint the symbol on their shields, and they won the battle. Constantine became a Christian, declared it the official religion of the Roman empire, and called for churches to be built all over the empire.
What was the purpose to the Round Table?
To promote chivalry and equality. In the days before the Round Table, serfs were just considered pawns-- they weren't considered people on the battle field. But with the King Arthur's Round Table, the King promoted awareness of everyone, no matter their rank or stature.
