Oh honey, a ceremonial cauda in "Spartacus" is basically just a fancy name for a parade of gladiators showing off their skills and muscles. It's like a macho fashion show for ancient Rome. So, if you're into beefcakes flexing and fighting for the crowd's entertainment, then the ceremonial cauda is your jam.
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I studied Latin and classics and never encountered this practice.
But if I had to guess, I'd say it was symbolic. "Cauda" means tail in Latin. So, perhaps to mark them as chattel? Again, however, I iterate that I think this might be artistic license. After all, right before Batiatus says this, he mentions that gladiators "...are like stallions."
Again, just an offhand thought from a classicist. No research led to these conclusions.
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As the title should tell you, the movie Spartacus is about the gladiator who escaped along with others and terrorized Italy. Much of the movie versions of Spartacus are fictionalized as very little is actually known about the person called Spartacus.
The name "Spartacus" is a Latin name. It had no nationality as such. The rebel gladiator Spartacus was said to be from Thrace and also was said to have served in the Roman army. Many auxiliaries either Latinized their names or changed them completely to a Latin (Roman) name.
Spartacus became a gladiator when he was captured and trained. I know this is not a very specific answer, but we know very, very little about Spartacus, the man. We don't even know if "Spartacus" was his real name. He comes into history as a leader of a slave revolt and leaves history as a defeated enemy.
Spartacus to the Gladiators at Capua was created in 1842.